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Methyl jasmonate seed treatment mitigates the defense-growth trade-off and tailors plant response to specific pests

ABSTRACT: Seed defence priming is emerging as a novel, cost-efficient and environmentally safe tool for pest management. Previous reports suggest that this strategy could potentially uncouple the defence-growth trade-off in plants, but this role and the mechanisms underlying it remain elusive. Here, we investigated the ability of seed priming with four phytohormones and two plant vitamins to uncouple the growth-defence trade-off in Arabidopsis thaliana upon pest infestation, focusing on its molecular dynamics. To broaden our scope, two phytophagous species from different feeding guilds were used: the generalist cell-content sucker Tetranychus urticae, and the specialist chewer Pieris brassicae. A combined -omics approach revealed distinct and interactive effects of seed priming and herbivory. Specifically, seed priming with 0.1 mM methyl jasmonate induced a state of readiness characterized by reduced stomatal aperture, high transcriptomic variation, increased sugar content and enhanced translational rate. Upon pest infestation, primed plants exhibited herbivore-specific responses. Interaction of seed priming and T. urticae infestation increased amino acid levels, hydroxycinnamic acid amide production, and reallocated resources from arabidopsides and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways. In contrast, P. brassicae infestation in primed plants led to enhanced anthocyanin biosynthesis, alterations in lignin metabolic intermediates, and sustained carbon and nitrogen sources. These findings demonstrate that seed priming can enhance pest-specific defences in plants without incurring a fitness penalty, effectively managing infestations while maintaining growth.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE287464 | GEO | 2025/09/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Soybean is one of the most important sources of food, protein, and oil in the world. Reductions in grain number and quality are caused by different biotic stresses. One of the most common is the phytophagous mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), which inhibits plant growth and grain production. The identification of plant responses to early and late T. urticae infestation is important for a better understanding of the mite-plant interaction. We therefore aimed to evaluate the physiological and molecular responses of soybean plants to mite infestation for 5 and 21 days. Visual and microscopic symptoms of leaf damage, H2O2 accumulation, and lipid peroxidation increased consistently throughout the infestation period, while shoot length/dry weight, chlorophyll level, and number of days to reach specific developmental stages were negatively affected by T. urticae infestation. Using proteomic analysis, we identified 185 and 266 differentially abundant proteins after early (5 days) and late (21 days) mite infestation, respectively, which suggests a complex remodeling of diverse metabolic pathways. GO, KEGG, and protein-protein interaction analyses indicated that photorespiration, chlorophyll synthesis, amino acid metabolism, Krebs cycle/energy production, mitochondrial translation, nucleotide salvage, PS II assembly, and reductive pentose-P cycle are all impacted after both early and late infestation. Specific metabolic pathways modified only after early infestation include cell wall modification, cytoskeleton composition, cell division, and lysine/histidine metabolism, while JA biosynthesis, antioxidant system, S-adenosyl methionine cycle, PS II repair, cysteine/methionine/glutathione/ascorbate/-linolenic acid/selenocompound metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and proteasome are modified only after late infestation. These differentially abundant proteins can be used as biotechnological tools in future breeding programs aiming at increased resistance to mite infestation.

Project description:Purpose: The tomato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli Šulc (Hemiptera: Triozidae), is a pest of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and potato (S. tuberosum) in the U.S. and vectors the disease-causing pathogen ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’. Plants undergo physiological, transcriptomic, or epigenetic changes in order to mount a stronger, faster response against secondary challenges by previously perceived threats. This is called defense ‘priming’ and it likely has an impact on vectored disease transmission. Currently, it is still unknown whether or not psyllid infestation has any lasting consequences for tomato gene expression or defense. To characterize the genes potentially involved in tomato priming against psyllids, RNA was extracted from psyllid-primed and uninfested tomato (Moneymaker) leaves three weeks after infestation. Methods: RNA was extracted and sequenced from plants three weeks after psyllid infestation. Plants were either left alone (Control or C) or infested with psyllids (Primed or J1). Libraries were developed using the TruSeq RNA Library Prep Kit v2. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina PE HiSeq 2500 v4 platform. Processed sequences were uploaded to the CyVerse Discovery Environment computational infrastructure where bioinformatic analysis was performed using the Tuxedo Suite 2 workflow. Results: Illumina HiSeq sequencing of tomato cDNA libraries produced 132,428,443 total reads that met FastQC quality control criteria. 94.6% of all reads mapped to vSL3.0 of the S. lycopersicum genome. CuffDiff2 analysis identified 310 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between control and psyllid-primed plants (q-value <0.01). Conclusions: A week-long infestation by a small number of B. cockerelli had lasting consequences for gene expression in tomato plants. Homologs of the DEGs were associated with 1) defense against abiotic and biotic stress, 2) growth and development, and 3) components of plant biology indirectly involved in plant growth and development such as homeostasis, transcription/translation, and molecular transport.

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Methyl jasmonate seed treatment mitigates the defense-growth trade-off and tailors plant response to specific pests

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