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Disease Associated Microglial TLR4-Lyn kinase is a critical regulator of neuroinflammation, Aβ phagocytosis, neuronal damage and cell survival in a 5XFAD mouse model.

ABSTRACT: Disease-Associated Microglia (DAM) are a focus in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research due to their central involvement in the response to amyloid-beta plaques. Microglial Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is instrumental in the binding of fibrillary amyloid proteins, while Lyn kinase (Lyn) is a member of the Src family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases involved in immune signaling. Increased expression of protective Syk kinase was observed, enhanced microglial Aβ phagocytosis, decreased neuronal dystrophy, and a further increase in the cell survival signaling and protective DAM population was noted. Lyn can be activated in response to TLR4 stimulation, leading to phosphorylation of various substrates and modulation of inflammatory and phagocytosis signaling pathways.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE287470 | GEO | 2026/01/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Rationale: Monocytes are key effectors of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS), playing critical roles in regulating tissue homeostasis and coordinating inflammatory reactions, including those involved in chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Monocytes have traditionally been divided into two major subsets termed conventional (cMo) and patrolling (pMo) monocytes but recent systems immunology approaches have identified marked heterogeneity within these cells, and much of what regulates monocyte population homeostasis remains unknown. We and others have previously identified LYN tyrosine kinase as a key negative regulator of myeloid cell biology, however LYN’s role in regulating specific monocyte subset homeostasis has not been investigated. Objective: We sought to comprehensively profile monocytes in order to elucidate the underlying heterogeneity within monocytes and dissect how Lyn deficiency affects monocyte subset composition, signaling, and gene expression. We further tested the biological significance of these findings in a model of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: CyTOF analysis of monocyte subsets and signaling pathway activation patterns in cMos and pMos revealed distinct baseline signaling profiles and far greater heterogeneity than previously described. Lyn deficiency led to a selective expansion of pMos and alterations in specific signaling pathways within these cells, revealing a critical role for LYN in pMo physiology. LYN’s role in regulating pMos was cell-intrinsic and correlated with an increased circulating half-life of Lyn-deficient pMos. Furthermore, single cell RNA sequencing revealed marked perturbations in the gene expression profiles of Lyn-/- monocytes with upregulation of genes involved in pMo development, survival, and function. Lyn deficiency also led to a significant increase in aorta-associated pMos and protected Ldlr-/- mice from high-fat diet induced atherosclerosis. Conclusions: Together our data identify LYN as a key regulator of pMo development and a potential therapeutic target in inflammatory diseases regulated by pMos.

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Disease Associated Microglial TLR4-Lyn kinase is a critical regulator of neuroinflammation, Aβ phagocytosis, neuronal damage and cell survival in a 5XFAD mouse model.

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