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FIBo-seq in Tet1/2/3 CTRL and TKO mESC

ABSTRACT: The RNA modification 5-formylcytidine (f5C) is poorly explored in mammals. Low f5C levels reported in mRNA may reflect spurious 5-methylcytidine (m5C) oxidation or targeted demethylation by TET or ALKBH1 dioxygenases. Here we analyze f5C in RNA of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) using LC-MS/MS and chemical-assisted sequencing. We reveal that the previously reported pyridine-borane-sequencing method misidentifies N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) and unmodified, hyper-reactive cytidines in a CUMC context as f5C. To overcome these limitations, we developed FIBo-seq with enhanced specificity and sensitivity for f5C-sequencing. We find no evidence for a role of TET enzymes in generating f5C, unlike for ALKBH1. Moreover, no f5C sites are detectable in mRNA. Instead, the bulk of mammalian f5C resides in the well-established mitochondrial tRNA Methionine (mt-tRNAMet) and is mediated by ALKBH1. The results argue against an instructive function for f5C outside tRNA in mammals.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE288425 | GEO | 2025/10/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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