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Trans-vaccenic acid in breastmilk primes neonatal T cell immunity

ABSTRACT: Nutrients in breastmilk can play a critical role in neonatal immune development, we employing a combination of single cell transcriptomics and epigenomic analysis to test how the milk nutrient Trans-vaccenic acid affect neonatal spleen immune cell development.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE289161 | GEO | 2026/06/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Trans-vaccenic acid in breastmilk primes neonatal T cell to against virus infection

Project description:Nutrients in breastmilk can play a critical role in neonatal immune development, we employing a combination of single cell transcriptomics and epigenomic analysis to test how the milk nutrient Trans-vaccenic acid affect neonatal spleen immune cell development and increase the ability to against virus.

2026-06-22 | GSE289160 | GEO

Trans-vaccenic acid in breastmilk primes neonatal T cell immunity

Project description:Trans-vaccenic acid in breastmilk primes neonatal T cell immunity

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Trans-vaccenic acid in breastmilk primes neonatal T cell to against virus infection

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Maternal trans-vaccenic acid reshapes neonatal T cell development and immune imprinting (LIME-seq)

Project description:How maternal nutrition influences neonatal immune development and imprinting through breastfeeding remains largely unclear. Here, we report that maternal supplementation with 25 trans-vaccenic acid (TVA) – the predominant naturally occurring trans-fatty acid in human breast milk (HBM) – promotes neonatal T cell development in mice, particularly expanding the naïve CD4+ T cell population with enhanced readiness. This implements a shift from T helper (Th)2- biased neonatal immune responses to Th1-skewing, resulting in improved adaptive immunity against viral infection and lung inflammation. Mechanistically, TVA via breastfeeding reprograms neonatal naïve CD4+ 30 T cells through a G protein coupled receptor (GPR43)-CCCTC-binding factor axis for enhanced cooperation with transcription factor TBX21, which also exhibits a longlasting immune imprinting effect. Furthermore, TVA levels in HBM from mothers of preterm infants inversely correlate with the incidence of inflammation-associated bronchopulmonary dysplasia in their preterm infants. Our findings establish the multifaceted benefits of maternal 35 nutrition and breastfeeding via TVA in promoting infant immune homeostasis and protective immunity.

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Human breastmilk memory T cells throughout lactation manifest an activated and tissue-oriented profile with prominent regulation

Project description:Breastfeeding provides important immunological benefits to the neonate, but how different immunoactive components in breastmilk contribute to immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we characterized human breastmilk T cells using single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry. Breastmilk contained predominantly memory T cells with immune response signaling, proliferation and an effector Th1/cytotoxic profile with high cytokine production capacities. High activation markers were balanced by an enriched Treg population and immune regulatory markers in conventional memory T cells. Gene and surface expression of tissue-residency markers indicated that breastmilk T cells represent tissue-adapted rather than circulatory T cells. In addition, breastmilk T cells had a broad homing profile and higher activation markers in these migratory subsets. The partly overlapping transcriptome profile between breastmilk and breast tissue T cells, particularly cytotoxic T cells, might support a role in local immune defense in the mammary gland. However, unique features of breastmilk, such as regulatory T cells, might imply an additional role in neonatal immune defense. We found some correlations between the breastmilk T-cell profile and clinical parameters, most notably with maternal and household factors. . Together, our data suggest that breastmilk contains an adapted T cell population that exerts their function in specific tissue-sites.

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Project description:Accurate postmortem estimation of breastfeeding status for archaeological or forensic neonatal remains is difficult. Confident identification of milk-specific proteins associated with these remains, would provide direct evidence of breastmilk consumption. We used liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS) to confidently identify beta-lactoglobulin-1 (LGB1) and whey acidic protein (WAP), major whey proteins associated with a neonatal dog (Canis lupus familiaris) skeleton (430–960 cal AD), from an archaeological site in Hokkaido, Japan. The age at death of the individual was estimated to be approximately two weeks after birth. Protein residues extracted from rib and vertebra fragments were analyzed and identified by matching tandem MS spectra against the dog reference proteome. A total of 200 dog protein groups were detected and at least 1 peptide from canine LGB1 and two peptides from canine WAP were confidently identified. These milk proteins most probably originated from the mother’s breastmilk, ingested by the neonate just before it died. We suggest the milk diffused outside the digestive apparatus during decomposition, and by being absorbed into the bones, it partially preserved. The result of this study suggests that proteomic analysis can be used for postmortem reconstruction of the breastfeeding status at the time of death of neonatal mammalian, by analyzing their skeletal archaeological remains. This method is also applicable to forensic and wildlife studies.

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Small RNA sequencing of human milk cells reveals numerous known and novel miRNAs, with no effects of milk removal

Project description:Very little is known about miRNAs found in breastmilk cells, which also reflect the cells of the lactating mammary epithelium. Our hypothesis is that breastmilk cells are richer in miRNA compared to other milk fractions, such as skim milk. Further, the effects of milk removal by the infant on milk cell miRNA content and/or composition have not been investigated. Breastmilk cells conserved higher miRNA content than previously published lipid and skim fractions of breastmilk as well as other known sources of miRNA in humans. Specifically, 1,467 known mature miRNAs were identified and a further 1996 novel miRNAs, of which 89 were highly expressed. As previously shown, post-feed milk contained more cells than pre-feed milk, and the same was observed for miRNA content. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the expression of the total known and novel miRNAs between pre- and post-feed milk (p=0.76), although 27 known miRNAs and 1 novel miRNA were higher expressed in post-feed milk. As expected, samples richer in viable cells contained more known miRNAs (p = 0.01). Functional analysis of the top 10 most highly expressed known miRNAs showed that they may be potentially involved in crucial roles for the infant, including body fluid balance, thirst, appetite, immune responses, and development. In conclusion, breastmilk is highly rich in miRNA which may play important functions in the breastfed infant and the lactating breast. Milk removal by the infant can influence the total miRNA content of breastmilk, similar to its cell and fat content, but the miRNA composition remains constant

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Maternal trans-vaccenic acid reshapes neonatal T cell development and immune imprinting (LIME-seq)

Project description:Maternal trans-vaccenic acid reshapes neonatal T cell development and immune imprinting (LIME-seq)

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