ABSTRACT: Previously, we reported that mammalian cells, specifically human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs), could be transdifferentiated by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Later, we observed that HDFs incorporated LAB-derived ribosomes, forming the ribosome-induced cell clusters (RICs) and transdifferentiating into cells derived from all three germ layers. Based on this insight, we hypothesized that incorporating ribosomes into non-mammalian cells could reveal the universality of this mechanism and open the door to commercial applications. Our current study demonstrates that ribosome incorporation can transdifferentiate chick primary muscle-derived cells (CMCs) into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. Furthermore, the culture medium supernatant from ribosome-incorporated CMCs was found to significantly enhance CMCs proliferation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that RICs-CMC exhibit increased expression of genes related to multi-lineage cell growth. In addition, we developed a novel technological shift in meat production—the "CulNet System"—which replicates organ interactions within mechanical systems for cell-cultured meat production. While significant efforts are still required to implement this technology in a cost-effective manner, we believe that combining the "CulNet System" with ribosome-incorporated multipotent cells that have prolonged culture capability could substantially improve the scalability and cost-effectiveness of cultured chicken meat production. This report highlights a promising approach for cell-culture-based meat production, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional methods. Type of manuscript: Article Title: Ribosome incorporation transdifferentiates chick primary cells and induces their proliferation by secreting growth factors Authors: Shota Inoue, Arif Istiaq, Anamika Datta, Mengxue Lu, Shintaro Nakayama, Kousei Takashi, Nobushige Nakajo, Shigehiko Tamura, Ikko Kawashima, Kunimasa Ohta Journal: Journal of Developmental Biology issue and page numbers: Volume 13, Issue 2,19 DOI: 10.3390/jdb13020019
