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PKM2 mediated mitochondrial reprogramming supports enhanced effector functions in CD8 T cells increasing the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy [WGBS]

ABSTRACT: Mitochondria regulate T cell functions and response to cancer immunotherapy. We show that pharmacologically induced PKM2 activation enhances mitochondria-dependent effector functions in mouse and human CD8 T cells and CAR-T cells. Multi-omics analysis and 13C-glucose tracer experiments showed that PKM2 activation alters one-carbon metabolism with decreased levels of methionine leading to hypomethylation of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and enhanced expression of genes supporting mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory complex formation in CD8 T cells. Functionally, PKM2 activation increased the recall responses and anti-tumor functions of CD8 T cells after adoptive cell therapy. Using preclinical melanoma and colon cancer models, we found that PKM2-agonist induced CD8 T cell-dependent anti-tumor responses that synergized with PD1 blockade therapy. Immunologically, PKM2 agonists resulted in enhanced activation and decreased exhaustion of effector T cells while reducing the numbers of suppressive FoxP3+ Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment. Anti-PD1 combination further enhanced the frequency and activation of tumor specific CD8 T cells in the tumors. Together, we show that PKM2 agonism modulates mitochondrial structure and function, leading to enhanced effector functions of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Hence, targeting PKM2 via pharmacologically available small molecules can be a clinically viable strategy for the enhancement of therapeutic potential of in-situ immune responses, adoptive cell therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade therapy

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE289772 | GEO | 2025/05/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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PKM2 mediated mitochondrial reprogramming supports enhanced effector functions in CD8 T cells increasing the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy [RNA-Seq]

Project description:Mitochondria regulate T cell functions and response to cancer immunotherapy. We show that pharmacologically induced PKM2 activation enhances mitochondria-dependent effector functions in mouse and human CD8 T cells and CAR-T cells. Multi-omics analysis and 13C-glucose tracer experiments showed that PKM2 activation alters one-carbon metabolism with decreased levels of methionine leading to hypomethylation of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA and enhanced expression of genes supporting mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory complex formation in CD8 T cells. Functionally, PKM2 activation increased the recall responses and anti-tumor functions of CD8 T cells after adoptive cell therapy. Using preclinical melanoma and colon cancer models, we found that PKM2-agonist induced CD8 T cell-dependent anti-tumor responses that synergized with PD1 blockade therapy. Immunologically, PKM2 agonists resulted in enhanced activation and decreased exhaustion of effector T cells while reducing the numbers of suppressive FoxP3+ Treg cells in the tumor microenvironment. Anti-PD1 combination further enhanced the frequency and activation of tumor specific CD8 T cells in the tumors. Together, we show that PKM2 agonism modulates mitochondrial structure and function, leading to enhanced effector functions of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Hence, targeting PKM2 via pharmacologically available small molecules can be a clinically viable strategy for the enhancement of therapeutic potential of in-situ immune responses, adoptive cell therapy, and immune checkpoint blockade therapy

2025-05-01 | GSE289771 | GEO

PKM2 mediated mitochondrial reprogramming supports enhanced effector functions in CD8 T cells increasing the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy

Project description:PKM2 mediated mitochondrial reprogramming supports enhanced effector functions in CD8 T cells increasing the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy

| PRJNA1224759 | ENA

PKM2 mediated mitochondrial reprogramming supports enhanced effector functions in CD8 T cells increasing the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy [WGBS]

Project description:PKM2 mediated mitochondrial reprogramming supports enhanced effector functions in CD8 T cells increasing the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy [WGBS]

| PRJNA1224767 | ENA

PKM2 mediated mitochondrial reprogramming supports enhanced effector functions in CD8 T cells increasing the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy [RNA-Seq]

Project description:PKM2 mediated mitochondrial reprogramming supports enhanced effector functions in CD8 T cells increasing the anti-tumor efficacy of anti-PD1 therapy [RNA-Seq]

| PRJNA1224761 | ENA

Transcriptome differences in HCC infiltrated CD8+ T cells in effector and exhaustion state

Project description:CD8+ T cells isolated from HCC tissue were divided into three groups: PD1-TIM3- CD8+ TILs, exhibiting full effector function; PD1-intTIM3+ CD8+ TILs, exhibiting partial exhaustion; and PD1-hiTIM3+ CD8+ TILs, exhibiting severe exhaustion, as reflected by the differences in their ability to produce effector cytokines respectively. Transcriptome sequence analysis was performed to investigate the gene expression profile was performed.

2019-12-31 | E-MTAB-7278 | biostudies-arrayexpress

CD38-RyR2 axis mediated signaling impedes CD8+ T cell response to anti-PD1 therapy in cancer

Project description:PD-1 blockade therapy, harnessing the cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cells, has yielded clinical success in treating malignancies. However, its efficacy is often limited due to the progressive differentiation of intratumoral CD8+ T cells into a hypofunctional state known as terminal exhaustion. Despite identifying CD8+ T cell subsets associated with immunotherapy resistance, the molecular pathway triggering the resistance remains elusive. Given the clear association of CD38 with CD8+ T cell subsets resistant to anti-PD1 therapy, we investigated its role in inducing resistance. Phenotypic and functional characterization, along with single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of both in vitro chronically stimulated and intratumoral CD8+ T cells, revealed that CD38-expressing CD8+ T cells are terminally exhausted. Exploring the molecular mechanism, we discovered that CD38 expression was crucial in promoting terminal differentiation of CD8+ T cells by suppressing TCF1 expression, thereby rendering them unresponsive to anti-PD1 therapy. Genetic ablation of CD38 in tumor reactive CD8+ T cells restored TCF1 levels and improved the responsiveness to anti-PD1 therapy in mice. Mechanistically, CD38 expression on exhausted CD8+ T cells elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels through RyR2 calcium channel activation. This, in turn, promoted chronic AKT activation, leading to TCF1 loss. Knockdown of RyR2 or inhibition of AKT in CD8+ T cells maintained TCF1 levels, induced a sustained anti-tumor response, and enhanced responsiveness to anti-PD1 therapy. Thus, targeting CD38 represents a potential strategy to improve the efficacy of anti-PD1 treatment in cancer.

2024-01-12 | GSE251829 | GEO

Impact of Diet and aPD1 on CD8 metabolism

Project description:Only a small fraction of patients with HCC benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Recently published studies suggest that HCC in patients with NASH does not respond the ICI therapy. Indeed, we demonstrate that anti-PD1 therapy is not working in several murine NASH models. CD8+ T cells were identified as the effector of anti-PD1 therapy. We observed a proinflammatory phenotype if hepatic CD8+ T cells that does not explain the inefficacy of anti-PD1 therapy in NASH. However, our study revealed an impairment of intratumoral CD8+ T cells movement abilities in NASH. Additionally, a broad reduction of metabolic fitness was observed in hepatic CD8+ T cells NASH. This was restored by metformin treatment. The combination treatment of anti-PD1 and metformin reduced intrahepatic tumor burden in NASH, a finding with important implications for NASH patients. This GEO submission contains raw files for the CD8 nsolver microarray analyses.

2022-03-31 | GSE184231 | GEO

LAG3 and PD1 synergize on CD8+ T cells to drive T cell exhaustion and hinder autocrine IFN gamma-dependent anti-tumor immunity

Project description:Combined nivolumab (anti-PD1) and relatlimab (anti-LAG3) have shown enhanced effectiveness in melanoma patients. However, how these two receptors work together to hinder anti-tumor immunity remains unclear. Our study demonstrates that PD1/LAG3-deficient CD8+ T cells with more effectively clearing tumors and survive longer in melanoma mouse models. These PD1/LAG3-deficient CD8+ T cells have unique transcriptional profiles, broad TCR clonality, and enriched effector-like and interferon-responsive genes, leading to increased IFN gamma release indicating functionality. PD1 and LAG3 together drive T cell exhaustion, with a significant impact on TOX modulation. Mechanistically, autocrine IFN gamma signaling is crucial for enhancing anti-tumor immunity in PD1/LAG3-deficient CD8+ T cells, providing insights into the enhanced efficacy of combined PD1 and LAG3 targeting.

2024-08-07 | GSE262740 | GEO

Evolutionary fingerprint in rodent PD1 confers weakened activity and enhanced tumor immunity compared to human PD1

Project description:Mechanistic understanding of the immune checkpoint receptor PD1 is largely based on mouse models, but human and mouse PD1 orthologs exhibit only 59.6% identity in amino acid sequences, raising the question of potential cross-species functional differences. Based on our biochemical evidence that human PD1 is more inhibitory than mouse PD1, we addressed the functional consequence of PD1 humanization in a mouse melanoma model with adoptively transferred T cells. Using CITE-seq (cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing), we found that humanization of PD1 intracellular domain (ICD) in CD8 T cells decreases the numbers, effector functions, and differentiation of intratumoral T cells. Specifically, PD1 humanization reduced the number of effector-like exhausted T cell subset while increasing the precursor-exhausted T cell subset, the latter of which is known to respond to anti-PD(L)1 therapy.

2024-11-05 | GSE280853 | GEO

CD28 Co-stimulation Drives Tumor-Infiltrating T Cell Glycolysis to Promote Inflammation

Project description:Metabolic reprogramming dictates the fate and function of stimulated T cells, yet these pathways can be suppressed in T cells subjected to unique microenvironments, such as in a tumor. We previously showed that glycolytic and mitochondrial adaptations directly contribute to reduced effector functions of Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) CD8 tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). Here we define the role of these metabolic pathways in the activation and effector functions of RCC CD8 TIL. CD28 co-stimulation plays a key role to augment T cell activation and metabolism and is antagonized by inhibitory and checkpoint immunotherapy receptors CTLA4 and PD-1. While RCC CD8 TIL activated poorly when stimulated through the T cell receptor alone, addition of CD28 co-stimulation greatly enhanced activation, function, and proliferation. CD28 co-stimulation reprogrammed RCC CD8 TIL metabolism with increased glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, in part through upregulation of GLUT3. Mitochondria also became more fused, with higher membrane potential and overall mass. These phenotypes were dependent on glucose metabolism, as the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose both prevented changes to mitochondria and suppressed RCC CD8 TIL activation and function. These data show that CD28 co-stimulation can restore RCC CD8 TIL metabolism and function through rescue of T cell glycolysis that supports mitochondrial mass and activity.

2020-08-10 | GSE151669 | GEO

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