Exploration of common pathogenic genes between cerebral amyloid angiopathy and insomnia based on bioinformatics and experimental validation
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE289809 | GEO | 2025/07/30
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the leading cause of vascular dementia among the elderly. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are commonly manifested in CAA patients but are usually considered as consequences of CAA pathology. Here, we report that chronic stress promotes CAA progression, which enhances deposition of amyloid protein beta (Aβ) in brain blood vessels and exacerbates subsequent brain injury. Mechanistically, neutrophil is implicated in CAA development. Aβ that accumulated in brain vasculature induces neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by activating STAT6 signaling, which inhibits neutrophil apoptosis and switches the programmed cell death toward NETosis. During chronic stress, circulatory Norepinephrine (NE) strengthens STAT6 activation in neutrophil and promotes NET formation, thus exacerbates the NET-dependent angiopathy. We demonstrate that inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis towards brain or suppressing NET formation both ameliorate CAA severity in the context of chronic stress. Therefore, we propose that stress-associated psychological disorders and NETs are promising therapeutic targets in CAA.
2024-12-15 | GSE249922 | GEO
Project description:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the leading cause of vascular dementia among the elderly. Neuropsychiatric symptoms are commonly manifested in CAA patients but are usually considered as consequences of CAA pathology. Here, we report that chronic stress promotes CAA progression, which enhances deposition of amyloid protein beta (Aβ) in brain blood vessels and exacerbates subsequent brain injury. Mechanistically, neutrophil is implicated in CAA development. Aβ that accumulated in brain vasculature induces neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by activating STAT6 signaling, which inhibits neutrophil apoptosis and switches the programmed cell death toward NETosis. During chronic stress, circulatory Norepinephrine (NE) strengthens STAT6 activation in neutrophil and promotes NET formation, thus exacerbates the NET-dependent angiopathy. We demonstrate that inhibiting neutrophil chemotaxis towards brain or suppressing NET formation both ameliorate CAA severity in the context of chronic stress. Therefore, we propose that stress-associated psychological disorders and NETs are promising therapeutic targets in CAA.
2024-12-15 | GSE249924 | GEO
Project description:There is a growing recognition of cerebrovascular contribution to neurodegenerative diseases. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterised by amyloid-beta (AM-NM-2) deposits in the walls of intracerebral and leptomeningeal arteries, is evident in a majority of AlzheimerM-bM-^@M-^Ys disease patients and aged people. Here, we leverage on human pluripotent stem cells to generate vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from neural crest progenitors, recapitulating brain vasculature-specific attributes in AM-NM-2 metabolism. We confirm that the lipoprotein receptor, LRP1, functions in our neural crest-derived SMCs to mediate AM-NM-2 uptake and intracellular proteasomal degradation. Hypoxia significantly compromises the ability of SMCs in AM-NM-2 clearance by suppressing LRP1 expression. This enables us to develop an assay of AM-NM-2 uptake using the neural crest-derived SMCs with hypoxia as a stress paradigm. We then tested several vascular protective compounds in a high throughput format, demonstrating the value of stem cell-based phenotypic screening for novel CAA therapeutics and drug repurposing. We adopted our previous SMC differentiation protocol (Cheung et al., 2012) to differentiate this intermediate neural crest population using platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB, 10 ng/ml) and transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-M-NM-21, 2ng/ml) for another 12 days. The resultant neural crest-derived SMCs (NCSMC) were then characterised in comparison to neuroectoderm-derived SMCs (NESMC) (Cheung et al., 2012) and positive control, human brain vascular SMCs (BVSMC).
2015-01-21 | E-GEOD-55173 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the pathological deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) in the brain. Although both conditions share common pathogenic pathways, they exhibit distinct cellular manifestations and disease progression. Our study focused on the differential expression and role of astrocytic colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) in these diseases. Using transcriptomic analysis of 248 brain tissue samples from the hippocampal-entorhinal system of 50 individuals, we identified a significant increase in CSF1 expression in the CA4 subfield of AD patients compared to a marked decrease in CAA. Functional investigations revealed that astrocytes with elevated CSF1 levels displayed neurotoxicity associated with AD-like pathology, whereas reduced CSF1 expression in astrocytes was linked to vascular damage typical of CAA. These findings suggest that CSF1 plays divergent roles in AD and CAA, contributing to their distinct pathological profiles. Our study highlights the potential of targeting astrocytic CSF1 expression as a differential diagnostic marker and therapeutic approach in managing these overlapping yet distinct neurological conditions.
2024-12-15 | GSE278723 | GEO
Project description:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of age-related dementia worldwide with limited effective treatments. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is one of the key pathological hallmarks of AD characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the cerebral vasculature and is associated with intracerebral hemorrhage, cerebrovascular dysfunction, and cognitive impairment. CAA is also considered to underlie the main adverse effect of anti-Aβ immunotherapies, the amyloid-related imaging abnormalities (ARIA). Substantial evidence from clinical and animal studies has shown that elevated levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and its main protein component, apolipoprotein (APO) A-I, are associated with reduced CAA and superior cognitive function. 4F is an APOA-I/HDL-mimetic peptide that has advanced into clinical trials for cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to investigate whether treatment with the HDL mimetic peptide 4F modulates CAA and associated cognitive deficits and neuropathologies in the well-established transgenic Tg-SwDI mouse model of CAA/AD. Age- and sex-matched Tg-SwDI mice received daily treatments of 4F or vehicle (PBS), respectively, by intraperitoneal injections for 12 weeks. The results showed that the 4F treatment reduced CAA as well as overall Aβ plaque deposition, and attenuated microgliosis associated with CAA. Unbiased brain transcriptomic analysis revealed a heightened inflammatory state in the brain of SwDI mice, and that 4F treatment reversed the overactivation of vascular cells, in particular vascular smooth muscle cells, relieving cerebrovascular inflammation in CAA/AD mice. Our study provides experimental evidence for the therapeutic potential of 4F to mitigate CAA and its associated pathogenic processes in AD, including ARIA.
2025-03-24 | GSE271286 | GEO
Project description:There is a growing recognition of cerebrovascular contribution to neurodegenerative diseases. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), characterised by amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposits in the walls of intracerebral and leptomeningeal arteries, is evident in a majority of Alzheimer’s disease patients and aged people. Here, we leverage on human pluripotent stem cells to generate vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from neural crest progenitors, recapitulating brain vasculature-specific attributes in Aβ metabolism. We confirm that the lipoprotein receptor, LRP1, functions in our neural crest-derived SMCs to mediate Aβ uptake and intracellular proteasomal degradation. Hypoxia significantly compromises the ability of SMCs in Aβ clearance by suppressing LRP1 expression. This enables us to develop an assay of Aβ uptake using the neural crest-derived SMCs with hypoxia as a stress paradigm. We then tested several vascular protective compounds in a high throughput format, demonstrating the value of stem cell-based phenotypic screening for novel CAA therapeutics and drug repurposing.
2015-01-21 | GSE55173 | GEO
Project description:Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a common feature of Alzheimer’s disease in which amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits in cerebral and leptomeningeal vessel walls, predisposing to micro- and macro-hemorrhage. The vessel wall has distinct proteins and heparan sulfate (HS), linear polysaccharides that bind Aβ and promote fibril formation in vitro. Yet how vascular proteins and HS jointly associate with Aβ is unknown. Here we conducted a multi-omics study to systematically characterize the proteins as well as the HS abundance, sulfation level, and disaccharide composition of leptomeninges from 23 moderate to severe CAA cases and controls. We then analyzed the associations between Aβ and other proteins, HS, and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype. We found an increase in a minor HS disaccharide, unsubstituted glucosamine, as well as 6-O sulfated disaccharides, and Aβ40 levels positively correlated with unsubstituted glucosamine. Our findings of vascular HS and protein alterations specific to CAA-affected leptomeningeal vessels provide molecular insight into the extracellular remodeling co-occurring with Aβ deposits, and provide a basis for ante-mortem diagnostic assay development and therapeutic strategies to impede Aβ - HS interaction.
2025-05-07 | PXD056864 | Pride
Project description:In this study, we dissect in detail the glial and immune responses associated to early stages of CAA. To do so, RNAseq gene expression analysis were performed in a mouse model for Familial Danish Dementia (FDD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the accumulation of Danish amyloid (ADan) in the vasculature. Findings observed in this CAA mouse model were complemented with primary culture assays.
2020-07-22 | GSE150394 | GEO
Project description:Chronic Stress Exacerbates Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy through Promoting NET formation
| PRJNA1051133 | ENA
Project description:The majority of Alzheimer’s disease patients and 20–40% of non-demented elderly experience amyloid deposits along their cerebral vasculature, a condition known as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA impairs the function of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) leading to ischemia, hemorrhages, and accelerated cognitive dysfunction. The APOE4 allele is the strongest known genetic risk factor for CAA and sporadic AD, however the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this predisposition are unknown. Here, we recreate the human BBB in vitro by co-culturing the three cellular components of the BBB, endothelial cells, pericytes, and astrocytes in 3D scaffolding to construct a tractable model that recapitulates key anatomical and physiological properties of the BBB. Similar to the in vivo BBB, we find amyloid accumulates on our in vitro BBB (iBBB) and both APOE4 homozygous and heterozygous iBBBs exhibit significantly more amyloid accumulation than APOE3/3 iBBBs. Combinatorial experiments revealed that pericytes have a causal role in the development of CAA. We found that APOE expression is markedly up-regulated in APOE4 pericytes, but not in astrocytes or endothelial cells. Transcriptional profiling revealed that calcineurin/NFAT signaling is dysregulated in APOE4 pericytes. Pharmacologically inhibiting calcineurin led to downregulation of APOE and subsequently reduced amyloid deposition on the iBBB. These results demonstrate an unexpected role of pericytes in cerebral amyloid deposition and advocate for inhibiting calcineurin/NFAT-signaling as a therapeutic strategy to mitigate APOE4 predisposition to CAA and potentially AD.
2019-07-31 | GSE125869 | GEO