The transcriptome of Ixodes scapularis salivary glands at single cell resolution
Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Ixodes scapularis
PROVIDER: GSE289983 | GEO | 2026/02/19
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:An Ixodes scapularis saliva mRNA vaccine induces tick resistance and prevents Borrelia burgdorferi infection in guinea pigs
2021-09-13 | GSE184063 | GEO
Project description:Ixodes scapularis are an important vector for at least six tick-borne human pathogens, including the predominant North American Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. The ability for these ticks to survive in nature is credited, in part, to their ability to feed on a variety of hosts without excessive activation of the vertebrate immune system. While the ability for nymphal ticks to feed on a variety of hosts has been well-documented, the host-parasite interactions between larval I. scapularis and different vertebrate hosts is relatively unexplored. Here we report on the changes in the vertebrate transcriptome present at the larval tick bite site using the natural I. scapularis host Peromyscus leucopus, a non-natural rodent host Mus musculus (BALB/c), and humans. We note substantially less evidence of inflammation in P. leucopus compared to BALB/c mice and pronounced evidence of inflammation in humans. These data suggest that larval I. scapularis may have a reduced ability to suppress host immunity in non-natural hosts and expand our overall understanding of I. scapularis feeding.
2025-02-20 | GSE266088 | GEO
Project description:the black-legged tick Ixodes scapularis is the vector for the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi
| PRJNA16233 | ENA
Project description:Introduction: Ixodes scapularis ticks are hematophagous arthropods capable of transmitting many infectious agents to humans. The process of blood feeding is an extended and continuous interplay between tick and host responses. While this process has been studied extensively in vitro, no global understanding of the host response to ticks has emerged. To address this issue, we measured skin-specific expression of 233 discrete genes at 8 time points during primary and secondary infestations of mice with pathogen-free I. scapularis nymphs. Selected results were then validated at the mRNA and protein levels. Results: Primary infestation was characterized by the late induction of an innate immune response. Lectin pattern recognition receptors, cytokines, and chemokines were upregulated consistent with increased neutrophil and macrophage migration. Gene ontology and pathway analyses of downregulated genes suggested inhibition of gene transcription and Th17 immunity. During the secondary infestation, additional genes were modulated suggesting a broader involvement of immune cells including CD8 and CD4 positive T lymphocytes. The cytokine response showed a mixed Th1/Th2 profile with a potential for T regulatory cell activity. Key gene ontology clusters observed during the secondary infestation were cell migration and activation. Matrix metalloproteinases were upregulated, apoptosis-related genes were differentially modulated, and immunoreceptor signaling molecules were upregulated. In contrast, transcripts related to mitogenic, WNT, Hedgehog, and stress pathways were downregulated. Conclusions: Our results support a model of tick feeding where lectin pattern recognition receptors orchestrate an innate inflammatory response during primary infestation that primes a mixed Th1/Th2 response upon secondary exposure. Tick feeding inhibits gene transcription and Th17 immunity. Salivary molecules may also inhibit upregulation of mitogenic, WNT, Hedgehog, and stress pathways and enhance the activity of T regulatory cells, production of IL-10, and suppressors of cytokine signaling molecules (SOCS). This study provides the first comprehensive transcriptional analysis of the host response at the tick bite site and suggests both a potential model of the host cutaneous response and candidate genes for further description and investigation. Ear biopsies from BALB/cJ mice infested with Ixodes scapularis nymphs were assayed at 12, 48, 72, and 96 hours after infestation during a primary and secondary exposure. 3 mice were measured at each time point. Controls were 3 similarly housed but tick-free mice.
2012-02-17 | E-GEOD-33345 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Lyme disease (LD) is one of the most important human vector-borne diseases in North America. Since transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb), the causative agent of LD, is influenced by yet unknown tick saliva proteins (TSP), the discovery and characterization of such TSPs are highly sought after for their potential as tick-antigen based vaccine targets. We validated a novel non-invasive approach of collecting sufficient amounts of saliva from unfed, partially fed (12, 24, 36, 48, 60, and 72h), and replete fed Ixodes scapularis nymphs for identification of tick saliva proteins using the LC-MS/MS approach. Our data has described TSPs that might be injected into the host within few hours of the tick starting to feed and are likely associated with manipulating host immunity to facilitate transmitted Bb to colonize the host. Thus, these data will serve as a source for Bb-infection associated TSPs that might be targeted in tick-antigen based vaccines to prevent LD. Equally important, the non-invasive method to collect nymph tick saliva is likely to provide transformative impact on research to understand transmission of other TBD agents.
2021-09-10 | PXD023940 | Pride
Project description:Ticks are blood feeding arthropod ectoparasites that transmit pathogens, which cause diseases in humans and animals worldwide. In the past ten decades, the continuous human exploitation of environmental resources and the increase in human outdoor activities has promoted contact with arthropod vectors normally present in the wild, resulting in increased transmission of vector-borne pathogens. In addition, vector populations are expanding in response to climate change and human interventions that impact reservoir host movement and human exposure to infected vectors. Among these emerging vector-borne pathogens, Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) has become an important tick-borne pathogen in the United States, Europe and Asia, with increasing numbers of infected people and animals every year. Diseases caused by A. phagocytophilum include human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), equine and canine granulocytic anaplasmosis and tick-borne fever (TBF) in ruminants. The natural infection cycle of A. phagocytophilum is dependent upon the presence of infected vertebrate reservoir hosts and Ixodid tick vectors. In the United States and Europe the main vector species are Ixodes scapularis, Ixodes pacificus, and Ixodes ricinus, while a wide range of mammals, lizards, and birds serve as reservoir hosts for various A. phagocytophilum genotypes. A. phagocytophilum initially infects tick midgut cells and then subsequently develops in salivary glands for transmission to susceptible hosts during tick feeding where the pathogen infects granulocytic cells, primarily neutrophils. Anaplasma phagocytophilum develops within membrane-bound inclusions in the host cell cytoplasm. This pathogen has evolved with its tick and vertebrate hosts through dynamic processes involving genetic traits of the pathogen and hosts that collectively mediate pathogen infection, development, persistence, and survival. However, the mechanisms used by A. phagocytophilum for molecular mechanisms involved in tick-pathogen interactions have not been fully characterized. The objective of this study is to characterize the dynamics of the microRNA response in the tick vector Ixodes scapularis in response to A. phagocytophilum infection. To address this objective, the composition of tick microRNAs was characterize using RNA sequencing in I. scapularis tick cells in response to A. phagocytophilum infection. The discovery of these mechanisms provides evidence that a control strategy could be developed targeted at both vertebrate and tick hosts for more complete control of A. phagocytophilum and its associated diseases.
2016-03-19 | GSE79324 | GEO
Project description:Ixodes scapularis midgut Transcriptome following SelK knockdown in Borrelia burgdorferi-infected ticks
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Project description:To determine whether the influences of Ixodes scapularis protein disulfide isomerase A6 (IsPDIA6) on Borrelia burgdorferi colonization is the result of physiological responses, we performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare the transcriptomes of control (GFP) and IsPDIA6-silenced ticks.
2024-10-14 | GSE273568 | GEO
Project description:Tick proteins within a fraction from medium pressure liquid chromatography were identified as potential chemoattractants for Borrelia burgdorferi. The proteins in two replicate fractions were identified using LC-MS/MS.
2021-09-08 | PXD011273 | Pride
Project description:Ticks are ectoparasites that have co-evolved with their hosts for millions of years. Unlike other blood-feeders, hard ticks take several days to complete a blood-meal, which makes them especially susceptible to the detection by host immune responses. To overcome this, ticks have developed a vast array of salivary effectors with immune modulatory properties. These effectors not only benefit tick survival but also influence pathogen transmission. We have characterized the extracellular vesicle protein cargo secreted within tick saliva. Extracellular vesicles were purified through density gradient from salivary gland cultures dissected from partially fed adult female Ixodes scapularis. Molecules present in the vesicles were then characterized using label-free proteomics. In this protein dataset, we have identified several tick immune modulatory proteins. This dataset demonstrates that arthropods secrete extracellular vesicles for the translocation of effectors during blood-feeding.
2021-06-07 | PXD018779 | Pride