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Prevention of cholestatic liver disease through BCL6-FXR enterohepatic crosstalk [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: Bile acid (BA) metabolism must be tightly regulated because BAs serve as metabolic signaling molecules but become cytotoxic at high levels. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a crucial bile acid sensor, but our understanding of its regulation and coordination with other transcription factors is limited. Here, we found that B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) functions along with FXR to control bile acid levels. We found that mice lacking hepatic BCL6 (Bcl6LKO) had increased BA synthesis and serum levels. In line with this, Bcl6LKO mice had elevated serum cholesterol, the upstream substrate for BA synthesis, as well as reduced expression of the hepatic BA re-uptake transporter sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). Furthermore, loss of BCL6 reduced hepatic fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGFR4) expression, causing dysregulated entero-hepatic BA feedback signaling. To better understand the relative contribution of BCL6 and FXR in regulating BA homeostasis, we generated mice with a combined deletion of hepatic BCL6 and FXR (Bcl6LKOFxrKO). Critically, combined deletion of FXR and hepatic BCL6 caused massive elevations in BA synthesis/levels compared to loss of Fxr or Bcl6 alone, which resulted in cholestatic liver damage. Mechanistically, we found that Bcl6LKO FxrKO mice had an almost complete loss of hepatic Shp expression, causing high levels of the rate-limiting BA synthesis enzyme CYP7A1. Together, these findings demonstrate that BCL6 and FXR function together to limit BA synthesis and protect the liver from cholestatic injury.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE290309 | GEO | 2026/02/11

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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	GSE290309_Ileum_RNA_RawCounts.txt.gz	Txt
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Similar Datasets

Prevention of cholestatic liver disease through BCL6-FXR enterohepatic crosstalk [ChIP-seq]

Project description:Bile acid (BA) metabolism must be tightly regulated because BAs serve as metabolic signaling molecules but become cytotoxic at high levels. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a crucial bile acid sensor, but our understanding of its regulation and coordination with other transcription factors is limited. Here, we found that B cell lymphoma 6 (Bcl6) functions along with FXR to control bile acid levels. We found that mice lacking hepatic BCL6 (Bcl6LKO) had increased BA synthesis and serum levels. In line with this, Bcl6LKO mice had elevated serum cholesterol, the upstream substrate for BA synthesis, as well as reduced expression of the hepatic BA re-uptake transporter sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP). Furthermore, loss of BCL6 reduced hepatic fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGFR4) expression, causing dysregulated entero-hepatic BA feedback signaling. To better understand the relative contribution of BCL6 and FXR in regulating BA homeostasis, we generated mice with a combined deletion of hepatic BCL6 and FXR (Bcl6LKOFxrKO). Critically, combined deletion of FXR and hepatic BCL6 caused massive elevations in BA synthesis/levels compared to loss of Fxr or Bcl6 alone, which resulted in cholestatic liver damage. Mechanistically, we found that Bcl6LKO FxrKO mice had an almost complete loss of hepatic Shp expression, causing high levels of the rate-limiting BA synthesis enzyme CYP7A1. Together, these findings demonstrate that BCL6 and FXR function together to limit BA synthesis and protect the liver from cholestatic injury.

2026-02-11 | GSE290307 | GEO

Prevention of cholestatic liver disease through BCL6-FXR enterohepatic crosstalk

2026-02-11 | GSE296552 | GEO

Postprandial FGF19 signaling-induced phosphorylation of FXR by Src modulates its activity in bile acid homeostasis

Project description:Farnesoid-X-Receptor (FXR) plays a central role in maintaining bile acid (BA) homeostasis by transcriptional control of numerous enterohepatic genes, including intestinal FGF19, a hormone that strongly represses hepatic BA synthesis. How activation of the FGF19 receptor at the membrane is transmitted to the nucleus for transcriptional regulation of BA levels and whether FGF19 signaling posttranslationally modulates function of FXR remain largely unknown. Here we show that FXR is phosphorylated at Y67 by non-receptor tyrosine kinase, Src, in response to postprandial FGF19, which is critical for its nuclear localization and transcriptional regulation of BA levels. Liver-specific expression of phospho-defective Y67F-FXR or Src-downregulation in mice result in impaired homeostatic responses to acute BA feeding, and exacerbate cholestatic pathologies upon drug-induced hepatobiliary insults. Also, the hepatic FGF19-Src-FXR pathway is defective in primary biliary cirrhosis patients. This study identifies Src-mediated FXR phosphorylation as a potential therapeutic target and biomarker for BA-related enterohepatic diseases.

2018-04-27 | GSE113707 | GEO

Gene expression analysis of FXR null, SHP null, and double FXR/SHP null mice

Project description:Bile acid (BA) homeostasis is maintained through a feedback loop operated by the nuclear hormone receptors FXR and SHP. Here we show that contrary to the current models placing FXR upstream of SHP in a linear regulatory pathway, the phenotypic consequence of the combined loss of both receptors is much more severe than the relatively modest impact of the loss of either Fxr or Shp alone. This is highlighted by the dramatic elevation of hepatic and serum BA levels in the double knockout (DKO) mice as early as three weeks of age coupled with a commensurate increase in Cyp7A1 expression and alterations in BA homeostatic genes. In addition, we find several genes necessary for C21 steroid biosynthetic pathway as novel targets for FXR and SHP. The elevated BAs result in severe hepato-pathology but the DKO mice surprisingly do not develop complete liver failure and live for over a year. Their survival is accompanied by an adaptive proliferation of the resident liver progenitor cell population, known as oval cells. Overall, these data demonstrate that FXR and SHP function coordinately to maintain BA homeostasis, and identify DKO mice as a novel genetic model for juvenile cholestatic disorders and for oval cell activation. Liver samples collected from FXR-/-, SHP-/-, and FXR-/-/SHP-/- animals at 3 or 5 weeks were hybridized to Illumina mouse REF-8 v1.1 arrays in duplicate.

2010-12-10 | E-GEOD-20599 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Gene expression analysis of FXR null, SHP null, and double FXR/SHP null mice

2010-12-10 | GSE20599 | GEO

Differential gene expression following MafG overexpression

Project description:Specific bile acids are potent signaling molecules that modulate metabolic pathways affecting lipid, glucose and bile acid homeostasis, and the microbiota. Bile acids are synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, and the key enzymes involved in bile acid synthesis (Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1) are regulated transcriptionally by the nuclear receptor FXR. We have identified an FXR-regulated pathway upstream of a transcriptional repressor that controls multiple bile acid metabolism genes. We identify MafG as an FXR target gene and show that hepatic MAFG overexpression represses genes of the bile acid synthetic pathway and modifies the biliary bile acid composition. In contrast, loss-of-function studies using MafG(+/-) mice causes de-repression of the same genes with concordant changes in biliary bile acid levels. Finally, we identify functional MafG response elements in bile acid metabolism genes using ChIP-seq analysis. Our studies identify a molecular mechanism for the complex feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis controlled by FXR

2016-02-04 | GSE77507 | GEO

MAFG is a transcriptional repressor of bile acid synthesis and metabolism (ChIP-seq)

2016-02-04 | GSE77529 | GEO

Disrupting bile acid metabolism by suppressing Fxr causes hepatocellular carcinoma induced by YAP activation

Project description:Bile acid (BA) production is a critical metabolic function of the liver, and its disruption leads to various liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanism remained elusive. Here, we report that BA metabolism is directly controlled by a previously unidentified repressor function of YAP, a transcriptional activator known to promote HCC formation. We show in hepatocytes, activated YAP suppressed Fxr, a BA-sensing nuclear receptor that critically regulates BA production and export. The repressor function of activated YAP induced cholestasis damaged the liver, and altered liver and serum BA concentrations and composition. Specifically, YAP activation inhibited expression of an Fxr target gene, Bsep (Abcb11), impairing BA exportation and injuring hepatocytes. Elevated BA in the blood due to hepatocyte injury further activated hepatic YAP, resulting in a vicious cycle leading to HCC. In both mouse liver and human HCC patient samples, transcriptomic analysis negatively correlated YAP and Fxr activities. Mechanistically, Fxr was found to bind Teads in a DNA-binding-independent manner; and Teads recruited YAP to epigenetically reprogram Fxr by replacing the histone acetyltransferase, P300, with the histone deacetylase, HDAC1. Importantly, alleviating YAP repressor function in BA metabolism by activating Fxr with its agonist GW4064, inhibiting HDAC1 with Entinostat, or overexpressing Bsep, reduced cholestatic phenotypes including hepatic injury, fibrosis, and inflammation, alleviating the HCC caused by YAP activation. Our results identify Yap's transcriptional repressor role as a key driver of Yap-induced HCC and BA metabolism as a potential therapeutic target for HCC.

2025-02-10 | GSE272343 | GEO

Altered mRNA expression profile of GW4064 treated mouse livers compared to vehicle control

Project description:Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a ligand activated nuclear receptor belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. Bile acids (BAs) are the endogenous ligand for FXR. FXR is a master regulator of BA homestasis, including BA synthesis, metabolism, transport, and enterohepatic circulation of BAs. Besides, FXR is involved in regulating diverse physioligical function in both humans and mice. GW4064 is a synthetic FXR agonist which selectively activates FXR and induce the transcription of FXR target genes.

2014-07-24 | GSE57305 | GEO

Hepatic Farnesoid X-Receptor Isoforms α2 and α4 Differentially Modulate Bile Salt and Lipoprotein Metabolism in Mice

Project description:The nuclear receptor FXR acts as an intracellular bile salt sensor that regulates synthesis and transport of bile salts within their enterohepatic circulation. In addition, FXR is involved in control of a variety of crucial metabolic pathways. Four FXR splice variants are known, i.e. FXRα1-4. Although these isoforms show differences in spatial and temporal expression patterns as well as in transcriptional activity, the physiological relevance hereof has remained elusive. We have evaluated specific roles of hepatic FXRα2 and FXRα4 by stably expressing these isoforms using liver-specific self-complementary adeno-associated viral vectors in total body FXR knock-out mice. The hepatic gene expression profile of the FXR knock-out mice was largely normalized by both isoforms. Yet, differential effects were also apparent; FXRα2 was more effective in reducing elevated HDL levels and transrepressed hepatic expression of Cyp8B1, the regulator of cholate synthesis. The latter coincided with a switch in hydrophobicity of the bile salt pool. Furthermore, FXRα2-transduction caused an increased neutral sterol excretion compared to FXRα4 without affecting intestinal cholesterol absorption. Our data show, for the first time, that hepatic FXRα2 and FXRα4 differentially modulate bile salt and lipoprotein metabolism in mice.

2014-11-11 | GSE51805 | GEO

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