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Nuclear class 3 PI3K co-activates fasting-specific chromatin remodeling

ABSTRACT: Transcriptional remodeling is essential for stress adaptation such as in fasting. While the core transcriptional machinery and its regulators are known, how information regarding energy availability is relayed to transcriptional complexes remains unclear. Surprisingly, we find that class 3 Phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K-3) lipid kinase, a master regulator of cytosolic autophagy, co-activates epigenetic writers for fasting-induced transcription. To this end, chromatin distribution of PI3K-3 significantly overlapped with transcriptionally engaged RNA Pol II phosphorylated on Ser5 (RNAPII-S5p) and transcriptionally permissive H3K4me3. Mechanistically, nuclear PI3K-3 interacted with both RNAPII and the Set1a/COMPASS methyltransferase of H4K4me3. Moreover, decreased binding between RNAPII and Set1a/COMPASS was found in PI3K-3 depleted cells. Accordingly, PI3K-3 deletion led to lower H3K4me3 and RNAPII-S5p enrichment at selective loci. Conversely, PI3K-3 overexpression co-activated acetyltransferase p300/CBP in luciferase assays while its chromatin targeting promoted H3K4me3 deposition. In starved cells, PI3K-3 induced transcription of autophagy-related genes, and in fasted liver, it was critical for transcriptional remodeling of metabolism, such as activation of lipid degradation. Thus, PI3K-3 couples nutrient availability to chromatin remodeling for transcriptional activation, enabling metabolic adaptation in fasting.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE290682 | GEO | 2026/06/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Nuclear class 3 PI3K co-activates fasting-specific chromatin remodeling

Project description:Transcriptional remodeling is essential for stress adaptation such as in fasting. While the core transcriptional machinery and its regulators are known, how information regarding energy availability is relayed to transcriptional complexes remains unclear. Surprisingly, we find that class 3 Phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K-3) lipid kinase, a master regulator of cytosolic autophagy, co-activates epigenetic writers for fasting-induced transcription. To this end, chromatin distribution of PI3K-3 significantly overlapped with transcriptionally engaged RNA Pol II phosphorylated on Ser5 (RNAPII-S5p) and transcriptionally permissive H3K4me3. Mechanistically, nuclear PI3K-3 interacted with both RNAPII and the Set1a/COMPASS methyltransferase of H4K4me3. Moreover, decreased binding between RNAPII and Set1a/COMPASS was found in PI3K-3 depleted cells. Accordingly, PI3K-3 deletion led to lower H3K4me3 and RNAPII-S5p enrichment at selective loci. Conversely, PI3K-3 overexpression co-activated acetyltransferase p300/CBP in luciferase assays while its chromatin targeting promoted H3K4me3 deposition. In starved cells, PI3K-3 induced transcription of autophagy-related genes, and in fasted liver, it was critical for transcriptional remodeling of metabolism, such as activation of lipid degradation. Thus, PI3K-3 couples nutrient availability to chromatin remodeling for transcriptional activation, enabling metabolic adaptation in fasting.

2026-06-02 | GSE290680 | GEO

Nuclear class 3 PI3K co-activates fasting-specific chromatin remodeling

2026-06-02 | GSE290681 | GEO

Nuclear class 3 PI3K co-activates fasting-specific chromatin remodeling

Project description:Transcriptional remodeling in fasting assures metabolic adaptation that provides health benefits across species1-5. While the regulators of transcription and chromatin organization in fasting are known6-10, how lack of nutrients impacts RNA Pol II (RNAPII) and epigenetic writers remains unclear. Surprisingly, we find that class 3 Phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase (PI3K-3) lipid kinase, a master regulator of autophagy11, is present at chromatin where it co-activates epigenetic writers for transcriptional activation. To this end, the chromatin distribution of PI3K-3 largely overlapped with transcriptionally engaged RNAPII phosphorylated on Ser5 (RNAPII-S5p) and Setd1a/COMPASS, the transcription activating H3K4me3 methyltransferase complex12. Mechanistically, nuclear PI3K-3 interacted with RNAPII and the Set1a/COMPASS transcriptional complexes and facilitated their binding. Accordingly, PI3K-3 deletion resulted in lower H3K4me3 and RNAPII-S5p enrichment at selective loci. Conversely, PI3K-3 overexpression co-activated acetyltransferase p300/CBP while chromatin targeting of PI3K-3 promoted H3K4me3 deposition. In starved cells, PI3K-3 was needed for the transcriptional induction of autophagy-related genes, and in fasted liver, it was critical for metabolic shift, such as ketogenesis and lipid degradation. Thus, PI3K-3 couples nutrient availability to chromatin remodeling enabling adaptive transcriptional activation during nutrient stress.

2026-06-02 | GSE322778 | GEO

Nuclear class 3 PI3K co-activates fasting-specific chromatin remodeling

2026-06-02 | GSE320350 | GEO

H3K4me3 regulates RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal pause-release

Project description:Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) is associated with transcriptional start sites and proposed to regulate transcription initiation. However, redundant functions of the H3K4 SET1/COMPASS methyltransferase complexes complicate elucidation of the specific role of H3K4me3 in transcriptional regulation. Here, by using mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) as a model system, we show that acute ablation of shared subunits of the SET1/COMPASS complexes leads to complete loss of all H3K4 methylation. H3K4me3 turnover occurs more rapidly than H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 and is dependent on KDM5 demethylases. Surprisingly, acute loss of H3K4me3 does not have detectable effects on transcriptional initiation but leads to a widespread decrease in transcriptional output, an increase in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing and slower elongation. Notably, we show that H3K4me3 is required for the recruitment of the Integrator Complex Subunit 11 (INTS11), which is essential for the eviction of paused RNAPII and transcriptional elongation. Thus, our study demonstrates a distinct role for H3K4me3 in transcriptional pause-release and elongation rather than transcriptional initiation.

2023-02-10 | PXD039176 | Pride

Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation regulates RNA polymerase II promoter-proximal pause-release

Project description:Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) is associated with transcriptional start sites and proposed to regulate transcription initiation. However, redundant functions of the H3K4 SET1/COMPASS methyltransferase complexes complicate elucidation of the specific role of H3K4me3 in transcriptional regulation. Here, we show that acute ablation of shared subunits of the SET1/COMPASS complexes leads to complete loss of all H3K4 methylation. H3K4me3 turnover occurs more rapidly than H3K4me1 and H3K4me2 and is dependent on KDM5 demethylases. Surprisingly, acute loss of H3K4me3 does not have detectable effects on transcriptional initiation but leads to a widespread decrease in transcriptional output, an increase in RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing and slower elongation. Our study demonstrates a distinct role for H3K4me3 in transcriptional pause-release and elongation rather than transcriptional initiation.

2023-03-14 | PXD028858 | Pride

Coordinated regulation of cellular identity-associated H3K4me3 breadth by the COMPASS family

Project description:Histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) facilitates recruitment of transcription factors and epigenetic effectors to promote transcriptional activation and ensure cellular identity. This conserved histone mark is implemented by the COMPASS (COMplex of Proteins ASsociated with Set1) family of H3K4 methyltransferases. COMPASS members Set1A and Set1B have been accredited as primary depositors of global H3K4me3 in mammalian cells. Our previous studies in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) demonstrated that deleting the enzymatic SET domain of Set1A does not perturb bulk H3K4me3, indicating possible compensatory roles played by other COMPASS methyltransferases. Here, we generated a series of ESC lines harboring compounding mutations of the COMPASS enzymes. We find that Set1B is functionally redundant to Set1A in implementing H3K4me3 at highly expressed genes, while Mll2 deposits H3K4me3 at less transcriptionally active promoters. Furthermore, Set1A and Set1B are responsible for broad H3K4me3 peaks, whereas Mll2 establishes H3K4me3 with narrow breadth. Most importantly, Mll2 helps preserve global H3K4me3 levels and peak breadth. Our results illustrate the biological flexibility of such enzymes in regulating transcription in a context-dependent manner to maintain stem cell identity, which could assist our understanding of their disease liability.

2020-06-27 | GSE152595 | GEO

Histone H3K4 methylation-dependent and independent functions of Set1A/COMPASS in embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation

Project description:Of the six members of the COMPASS (complex of proteins associated with Set1) family of histone H3 Lys4 (H3K4) methyltransferases identified in mammals, Set1A has been shown to be essential for early embryonic development and the maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal. Like its familial relatives, Set1A possesses a catalytic SET domain responsible for histone H3K4 methylation. Whether H3K4 methylation by Set1A/COMPASS is required for ESC maintenance and during differentiation has not yet been addressed. Here, we generated ESCs harboring the deletion of the SET domain of Set1A (Set1AΔSET); surprisingly, the Set1A SET domain is dispensable for ESC proliferation and self-renewal. The removal of the Set1A SET domain does not diminish bulk H3K4 methylation in ESCs; instead, only a subset of genomic loci exhibited reduction in H3K4me3 in Set1AΔSET cells, suggesting a role for Set1A independent of its catalytic domain in ESC self-renewal. However, Set1AΔSET ESCs are unable to undergo normal differentiation, indicating the importance of Set1A-dependent H3K4 methylation during differentiation. Our data also indicate that during differentiation, Set1A but not Mll2 functions as the H3K4 methylase on bivalent genes and is required for their expression, supporting a model for transcriptional switch between Mll2 and Set1A during the self-renewing-to-differentiation transition. Together, our study implicates a critical role for Set1A catalytic methyltransferase activity in regulating ESC differentiation but not self-renewal and suggests the existence of context-specific H3K4 methylation that regulates transcriptional outputs during ESC pluripotency.

2017-09-26 | GSE98988 | GEO

ZWC Complex-Mediated SPT5 Phosphorylation Suppresses Divergent Antisense RNA Transcription at the Active Gene Promoters [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Purpose: The goals of this study are to understand the mechanistic roles of newly identified ZWC chromatin complex on the regulation of transcriptional process in actively transcribed genes. The novel ZWC complex is composed of ZC3H4, WDR82, and casein kinase II (CK2) subunits. Methods: Two biological replicates of ChIP-seq data for ZC3H4, WDR82, CK2, and SPT5 were generated from HEK293 cells. And one replicate of ChIP-seq data for RNAPII, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K36me3 was generated in HEK293 cells. Two biological replicates of ChIP-seq data were generated for RNAPII, S5p RNAPII, S2p RNAPII, SPT5, H3K4me3, H3K36me3, H3K27me3 after HEK293 cells were treated with control or ZC3H4 siRNAs. Results: The ZWC complex preferentially localizes at TSSs of active genes through the direct interactions of ZC3H4 and WDR82 subunits with S5p RNAPII CTD. ZC3H4 depletion leads to increased divergent antisense transcription. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence that the newly identified ZWC-DSIF axis regulates the direction of transcription during the transition from early to productive elongation

2022-03-28 | GSE186758 | GEO

Determinants of H3K4me pattern establishment

Project description:A hallmark of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II (RNApII) is a "gradient" of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation. Various factors differentially bind to H3K4me3 near promoters, H3K4me2 just downstream, and H3K4me1 further downstream to modulate gene expression. Set1/COMPASS, the single S. cerevisiae H3K4 methyltransferase, binds transcribing RNApII, but COMPASS may also be allosterically regulated by specific subunits and histone H2B ubiquitylation. To ask whether differential H3K4 methylation is determined by regulated activity at specific gene locations or by the amount of time COMPASS spends near the nucleosome, ChIP-Seq analyses was performed in cells with altered transcription elongation rates or with Set1 fused to RNApII. Our results support a simple model where higher H3K4 methylations result from both increased duration and frequency of COMPASS proximity to the nucleosome.

2017-11-12 | GSE95356 | GEO

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