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Single Cell Atlas Reveals Abundant Innate Lymphoid Cells in Larval Zebrafish

ABSTRACT: Innate Lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a group of tissue resident lymphocytes that participate in immune defense and tissue homeostasis. The existence and ontogeny of ILCs during zebrafish embryonic development are not defined. During embryogenesis, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and HSC-independent Progenitor Cells (HPCs) form contemporaneously and produce overlapping and distinct immune cell types. To delineate when ILCs emerge and if they originate exclusively from HSCs or HPCs, we performed lineage tracing of the emerging hematopoietic system during larval development followed by single cell RNA sequencing of HSC and HPC progeny. To determine if the ILC-like cells are derived from the definitive hematopoietic wave, we did lineage tracing and scRNA-seq experiment in runx1W84X mutants and illustrated that all ILC-like clusters are Runx1-dependent. We confirmed that the transcriptionally detected larval ILC-like cells are Rag-independent and Il2rg-dependent. Lastly, embryonic ILCs are functional because they respond to an immune system stimulation with a viral mimic. The work provides fundamental knowledge on the early establishment of immune hierarchies and opens the zebrafish model to the exploration of ILC origination and function.

ORGANISM(S): Danio rerio

PROVIDER: GSE292726 | GEO | 2025/05/12

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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