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Transcriptome profiling analysis of heat-adapted breeder hen jejunal mucosal tissues in response to acute heat stress

ABSTRACT: Heat stress (HS) can weaken the intestinal integrity and damage the intestinal barrier function of poultry, disrupting nutrient digestion and absorption. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Our objective was to examine the gene expression profile of the jejunum by conducting transcriptomic analysis of heat-adapted breeder hens under acute HS (36 °C for a 6-h). Fifty 28-week-old breeder hens were raised individually in a cage and randomly assigned to control and heat-treated groups (25 hens each). Control group hens were maintained at thermoneutral conditions (23 °C) and heat-treated group hens were subjected to acute HS (36 °C for a 6-hour). The heart rate and cloacal temperature were measured in all hens. The jejunal mucosa tissues were collected from 12 randomly selected hens per group for transcriptomic analysis. The acute HS induced significant physiological alterations, with a marked increase in the heart rate and cloacal temperature in hens (P = 0.001). Transcriptome analysis revealed 138 genes with altered expression patterns under acute HS conditions. Of these, 75 genes including heat shock proteins (HSPs) showed upregulated expression, while 63 genes including a key bile acid transport molecule (SLC10A2) exhibited downregulated expression. Functional analysis through gene ontology classification, pathway mapping via the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes, and protein interaction networks identified several important regulatory genes in thermal response (HSPA8 and HSPA2), energy homeostasis and fat metabolism (PDK4, PPARA, and CD36), glucose transport (SLC2A5), and cholesterol synthesis pathway (SQLE, CYP51A1, and HSD17B7). The findings suggest that acute HS might affect energy utilization, fat metabolism, and glucose transport mechanisms in the jejunal mucosa of breeder hens. The upregulation of HSPs appears to serve as a protective mechanism, potentially preserving intestinal nutrient processing capacity under acute HS. These findings provide foundational knowledge for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms governing HS responses in avian intestinal function and may inform strategies for maintaining gut health in commercial poultry operations exposed to environmental challenges.

ORGANISM(S): Gallus gallus

PROVIDER: GSE294384 | GEO | 2026/08/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Heat stress (HS) can damage the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, leading to decreased poultry productivity. This study aimed to identify candidate genes related to acute HS in breeder hens and provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying acute HS in gut health. Fifty 28-week-old breeder hens were divided into two groups (25 hens each) raised under thermoneutral zone (23 °C) and acute HS (36 °C, 6 hours) conditions. The heart rate and cloacal temperature were measured in all hens, and jejunal mucosa tissues were randomly collected from 12 hens per treatment for RNA-sequencing analysis. The results indicated a significant increase in the heart rate and cloacal temperature in hens exposed to acute HS (P < 0.05). Transcriptome analysis identified 138 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in heat-stressed breeder hens, including 75 upregulated DEGs containing heat shock protein (HSP), energy homeostasis metabolism-related gene (PDK4), and fat metabolism-related genes (PPARA and CD36), and 63 downregulated DEGs containing the bile acid transporter gene (SLC10A2). Gene ontology analysis revealed significant enrichment in biological processes related to heat response and cholesterol biosynthesis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis highlighted several significant pathways, including steroid biosynthesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway. Protein-protein interaction network analysis involving two large networks: one containing several upregulated HSPs and genes related to energy homeostasis and fat metabolism (PDK4, PPARA, and CD36) and glucose transporter (SLC2A5), and the other containing downregulated DEGs related to cholesterol biosynthesis. Overall, acute HS might affect energy metabolism, fat metabolism, and glucose transport in the jejunal mucosa of breeder hens. Heat-stressed hens could restore the nutritional function of the jejunal mucosa by increasing the expression of HSPs. These findings provide a theoretical framework for further investigation into the molecular regulatory mechanisms responsible for HS-induced changes in the gut health of poultry.

Project description:Heat stress (HS) can weaken the intestinal integrity and damage the intestinal barrier function of poultry, disrupting nutrient digestion and absorption. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Our objective was to examine the gene expression profile of the jejunum by conducting transcriptomic analysis of heat-adapted and heat-sensitive breeder hens under acute HS (36 °C for a 6-h). Fifty 28-week-old breeder hens were raised individually in a cage and randomly assigned to heat-adapted and heat-sensitive groups (25 hens each). After exposure to acute HS for 6 hours, jejunal mucosa samples from the heat-adapted (HA group, n = 3) and heat-sensitive (HS group, n = 3) groups were selected for transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RNA-seq identified 284 differentially expressed genes, with 155 genes upregulated and 129 downregulated in the heat-sensitive group compared to the heat-adapted group. Gene ontology term (GO) analysis of the DEGs revealed significant enrichment in 555 GO terms. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway revealed 5 pathways were significantly enriched in upregulated DEGs, including the VEGF signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, steroid biosynthesis, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, and cell cycle, and 1 pathway significantly enriched in downregulated DEGs, such as cell adhesion molecules. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network identified PLK1, CDC7, CDC20, HSPA2, IL6, SLC22A19A, LBFABP, and SLC2A2 as key core nodes, which may play crucial roles in regulating the effects of HS on cell division, immune function, energy and lipid metabolism, and nutrient transport. The findings suggest that acute HS might affect cell division, immune function, energy and lipid metabolism, and organic acids and glucose transport mechanisms in the jejunal mucosa of breeder hens. The DEGs and pathways identified in this study will provide new insights to understand further the molecular mechanisms underlying HS responses in avian intestinal function, suggesting potential targets for nutritional or management strategies to mitigate its effects.

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Transcriptome profiling analysis of heat-adapted breeder hen jejunal mucosal tissues in response to acute heat stress

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