The effect of carnitine treatment on palmitic acid-treated C2C12 myotubes
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE294869 | GEO | 2026/04/17
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:The effect of carnitine treatment on palmitic acid-treated C2C12 myotubes
| PRJNA1251889 | ENA
Project description:The aim of the study was to obtain the data on the changes brought by STEE in in vitro myotubes, with a focus on metabolism and mitochondria, to explore its unknown functional properties. In this study, the transcriptome-wide analysis using microarray was performed, whcih provide insights into the biological and molecular changes induced by STEE. The microarray allowed us to capture the transcriptome-wide changes induced by STEE in C2C12 myotubes. For example, STEE induced changes in the expression of genes involved in mitochondria activity, fatty acid metabolism, or inflammatory cytokines in C2C12 myotubes.
2024-01-10 | GSE243411 | GEO
Project description:To identify mediators of obesity-linked reductions in PGC-1, we tested the effects of cellular nutrients in C2C12 myotubes. While overnight exposure to high insulin, glucose, glucosamine, or amino acids had no effect, saturated fatty acids (FA) potently reduced PGC-1a and b mRNA expression. Keywords: Nutrient Effect
2007-01-18 | GSE6766 | GEO
Project description:Chronic intake of a high-fat diet increases saturated fatty acids in the brain causing the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Palmitic acid is a free fatty acid abundant in the diet that at high concentrations may penetrate the blood brain barrier and stimulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to inflammation in astrocytes. The use of the synthetic neurosteroid tibolone in protection against fatty acid toxicity is emerging, but its transcriptional effects on palmitic acid induced lipotoxicity remain unclear. Herein, we performed a transcriptome profiling of normal human astrocytes to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which palmitic acid causes cellular damage to astrocytes, and whether tibolone could reverse its detrimental effects. Astrocytes undergo a profound transcriptional change at 2 mM palmitic acid, affecting the expression of 739 genes, 366 upregulated and 373 downregulated. However, tibolone at 10 nM does not entirely reverse palmitic acid effects. Additionally, the protein protein interaction reveals two novel gene clustering modules. The first module involves astrocyte defense responses by upregulation of pathways associated with antiviral innate immunity, and the second is linked to lipid metabolism. Our data suggest that activation of viral response signaling pathways might be so far, the initial molecular mechanism of astrocytes in response to a lipotoxic insult by palmitic acid, triggered particularly upon increased expression levels of *IFIT2*, *IRF1*, and *XAF1*. Therefore, this novel approach using a global gene expression analysis may shed light on the pleiotropic effects of palmitic acid on astrocytes, and provide a basis for future studies addressed to elucidate these responses in neurodegenerative conditions, which is highly valuable for the design of therapeutic strategies.
2021-02-10 | GSE166500 | GEO
Project description:To identify mediators of obesity-linked reductions in PGC-1, we tested the effects of cellular nutrients in C2C12 myotubes. While overnight exposure to high insulin, glucose, glucosamine, or amino acids had no effect, saturated fatty acids (FA) potently reduced PGC-1a and b mRNA expression. Experiment Overall Design: Cell culture - Mouse C2C12 myoblasts (ATCC, Manassas, VA) were maintained in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum (Invitrogen), at a confluency of 60-70%. To initiate differentiation, cells were allowed to reach 100% confluency and medium was changed to DMEM containing 2% horse serum (Invitrogen) and changed every 2 days. Full differentiation, with myotube fusion and spontaneous twitching, was observed at 5 days. Fatty acid stock preparation - Fatty acids were dissolved in 0.1 N sodium hydroxide (final concentration 100 mM) at 65 degrees C for 2 hours and then complexed with 10% fatty acid-free BSA, yielding a final stock of 5 mM. Three replicates for each fatty-acid. Microarray analysis - RNA was isolated as described from C2C12 myotubes treated overnight with 500 uM palmitate or 1% BSA, and cRNA was synthesized. 10 mg of cRNA were hybridized to Affymetrix mouse 430A 2.0 arrays. Intensity values were quantified using MAS 5.0 software. MAPPFinder (www.genmapp.org) was used to integrate expression data with known pathways. Transcription profiling of mouse C2C12 myotubes treated overnight with 500 uM palmitate or 1% BSA to identify mediators of obesity-linked reductions in PGC-1.
2007-11-15 | E-GEOD-6766 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Transcriptional factor c-Myc plays a crucial role in various types of cancer including colon cancer. c-Myc is hyperactivated during the tumorigenesis and malignant progression of colon cancer, but the mechanisms underlying this transcriptional activation remain largely unknown. Considering that colon cancer is constantly exposed to intestinal metabolites, we wonder whether they play a key role in c-Myc transcriptional activation. Here, we reveal that palmitic acid is essential for the transcriptional activation of c-Myc during both inflammation-driven tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Notably, c-Myc is activated by palmitic acid in dual palmitoylation-dependent pathways “passive activation under palmitic acid exposure” and “proactive activation through palmitic acid uptake”. Finally, exploiting metabolic addiction to palmitic acid as a vulnerability, we propose a promising therapeutic strategy inhibiting palmitoyltransferase ZDHHC9 and fatty acid transporter FATP2 which exerts favorable therapeutic effects against colon cancer. Together, these findings not only uncover a crucial biological role of palmitic acid on c-Myc activation depending on palmitoylation at distinct stages of colon cancer, but also highlights targeting ZDHHC9 and FATP2 as a promising option for colon cancer treatment.
2026-02-25 | GSE299569 | GEO
Project description:The liver is critical for maintaining systemic energy balance during starvation. To understand the role of hepatic fatty acid β-oxidation on this process, we generated mice with a liver-specific knockout of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (Cpt2L-/-), an obligate step in mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation. Surprisingly, Cpt2L-/- mice survived the perinatal period and a 24hr fast with sufficient blood glucose. The loss of hepatic fatty acid oxidation resulted in a significant loss in circulating ketones that remained unaltered by fasting. Fasting induced serum dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis and adaptations in hepatic and systemic oxidative gene expression in Cpt2L-/- mice to maintain systemic energy homeostasis. Alternatively, feeding a ketogenic diet resulted in severe hepatomegaly, liver damage and death within one week with a complete absence of adipose triglyceride stores. These data show that hepatic fatty acid oxidation is not required for survival during acute food deprivation but essential for constraining adipocyte lipolysis and regulating systemic catabolism when glucose is limiting. In this dataset, we include the expression data obtained from dissected mouse liver from mice fasted for 24 hours with and without the deletion of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (i.e. hepatocytes unable to beta-oxidize long chain fatty acids in mitochondria). WildType and KnockOut mice were fasted for 24 hours. Three biologic replicates were compared per class, thus six mice.
2016-06-16 | E-GEOD-76079 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation is facilitated by the combined activities of Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 1 and Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase 2 which generate and utilize acylcarnitines respectively. We compared the response of mice with liver specific deficiencies in the liver enriched Cpt1a or the ubiquitous Cpt2 and discovered that they display unique metabolic, physiological and molecular phenotypes. The loss of Cpt1a or Cpt2 resulted in the induction of the muscle enriched isoenzyme, Cpt1b, in hepatocytes in a Ppara dependent manner. Primary component analysis also revealed overall differential grouping between mouse with deletions of either Cpt1a or Cpt2. Our results utilize stringent genetic mouse models to elucidate that the sequential steps to facilitate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation may have other factors.
2024-05-31 | GSE267915 | GEO
Project description:To determine the lncRNA expression profile in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes, we used mouse lncRNA microarray from Arraystar to examine the expression of lncRNAs in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes.
2020-02-18 | GSE101499 | GEO
Project description:To determine the circRNA expression profile in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes, we used mouse circRNA microarray from Arraystar to examine the expression of circRNAs in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes.
2021-03-19 | GSE112014 | GEO