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Hepatic leukemia factor directs tissue residency of proinflammatory CD4+ T cells

ABSTRACT: CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) contribute to both host defense and pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that direct tissue residency and functional heterogeneity of CD4+ TRM remain unknown. We herein show that the transcription factor, hepatic leukemia factor (HLF), directs the tissue residency program and functionality of CD4+ TRM. HLF simultaneously upregulates tissue retention receptors and downregulates tissue egress receptors via changes in chromatin accessibility, and drives proinflammatory CD4+ TRM by inducing Bhlhe40. Genetic deletion of Hlf inhibits CD4+ TRM generation, consequently ameliorating airway tissue inflammation in vivo. In humans, HLF-positive CD4+ TRM from inflamed airway tissue have a tissue residency signature and express inflammatory cytokines. HLF is therefore a central regulator of proinflammatory CD4+ TRM development and function.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE295436 | GEO | 2025/07/04

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Hepatic leukemia factor directs tissue residency of proinflammatory CD4+ T cells [bulk]

Project description:CD4+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) contribute to both host defense and pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that direct tissue residency and functional heterogeneity of CD4+ TRM remain unknown. We herein show that the transcription factor, hepatic leukemia factor (HLF), directs the tissue residency program and functionality of CD4+ TRM. HLF simultaneously upregulates tissue retention receptors and downregulates tissue egress receptors via changes in chromatin accessibility, and drives proinflammatory CD4+ TRM by inducing Bhlhe40. Genetic deletion of Hlf inhibits CD4+ TRM generation, consequently ameliorating airway tissue inflammation in vivo. In humans, HLF-positive CD4+ TRM from inflamed airway tissue have a tissue residency signature and express inflammatory cytokines. HLF is therefore a central regulator of proinflammatory CD4+ TRM development and function.

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Project description:Tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells provide rapid and superior control of localized infections. The transcription factor Runx3 was recently identified as a master regulator of CD8+ T cell tissue residency. However, Runx3 also drives CD8+ T cell lineage commitment and is repressed in CD4+ T cells, raising the possibility that this transcription factor defines a form of tissue residency unique to the CD8+ T cell subset. Here, we show that as a direct consequence of Runx3-deficiency, CD4+ TRM cells in epithelia lack the TGFb-responsive transcriptional network that underpins CD8+ TRM cell residency. Ectopic Runx3 expression in CD4+ T cells rescued this transcriptional program to promote prolonged survival, decreased tissue egress and a microanatomical redistribution towards epithelial layers that combined, resulted in superior local immune protection. Our results thus reveal a mechanistic discordance between CD4+ and CD8+ TRM cell formation in barrier tissues that is controlled by Runx3. Consequently, CD4+ TRM cells are unable to adopt a type of tissue residency that is intrinsically accessible to the CD8+ TRM cell subset.

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The transcription factor Bhlhe40 programs mitochondrial regulation of resident CD8+ T cell fitness and functionality

Project description:Tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells (Trm) share characteristics and core residency gene programs with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). However, the transcriptional, metabolic and epigenetic regulation of Trm cell and TIL differentiation, maintenance and function are largely undefined. Furthermore, it is unknown whether metabolic and epigenetic manipulations can be employed to promote Trm/TIL functional programs for cancer immunotherapy. Here we report a critical mechanism programming the mitochondrial and epigenetic regulation of Trm/TIL functionality in situ. We found that mouse and human Trm/TIL expressed the transcription factor BHLHE40 and the BHLHE40-associated gene signature. Bhlhe40 was specifically required for Trm and TIL development and polyfunctionality. Local PD-1 signaling inhibited TIL Bhlhe40 expression, and Bhlhe40 was critical for TILs reinvigoration following anti-PD therapy. Mechanistically, Bhlhe40 sustained Trm/TIL mitochondrial fitness for the promotion of a functional epigenetic state. Building on these findings, we also identified an epigenetic and metabolic regimen that promoted Trm/TIL gene signatures associated with tissue residency and poly-functionality through in vitro T cell screening. Strikingly, this regimen empowered the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells and possessed therapeutic potential even at an advanced tumor stage in mouse models. Our results provide mechanistic insights on the local regulation of Trm and TIL function, and offer a viable strategy for developing novel immunotherapeutic means for cancer.

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