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Developmental profiling of spiral ganglion neurons reveals insights into auditory circuit assembly

ABSTRACT: The sense of hearing depends on the faithful transmission of sound information from the ear to the brain by spiral ganglion (SG) neurons. However, how SG neurons develop the connections and properties that underlie auditory processing is largely unknown. We catalogued gene expression in mouse SG neurons at six developmental stages, ranging from embryonic day 12 (E12), when SG neurons first extend projections, up until postnatal day 15 (P15), after the onset of hearing. For comparison, we also analyzed the closely-related vestibular ganglion (VG) at the same time points.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE29766 | GEO | 2011/07/15

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA141033

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Developmental profiling of spiral ganglion neurons reveals insights into auditory circuit assembly

Project description:The sense of hearing depends on the faithful transmission of sound information from the ear to the brain by spiral ganglion (SG) neurons. However, how SG neurons develop the connections and properties that underlie auditory processing is largely unknown. We catalogued gene expression in mouse SG neurons at six developmental stages, ranging from embryonic day 12 (E12), when SG neurons first extend projections, up until postnatal day 15 (P15), after the onset of hearing. For comparison, we also analyzed the closely-related vestibular ganglion (VG) at the same time points. To identify genes involved in SG axon guidance and branching, target selection, synaptogenesis, synaptic refinement, and synaptic function, we collected SG at E12 and E13, E16, P0, P6, and P15. We also collected VG at the same time points. For E12 and E13 time points, SG and VG were microdissected from Rnx-cre; Z/EG embryos, which express GFP in the VG. E16-P15 VG was also isolated by microdissection from Rnx-cre; Z/EG animals. E16-P15 SG neurons were isolated by FACS sorting dissociated cochlea from Mafb-GFP animals.

2011-07-14 | E-GEOD-29766 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Neuronal heterogeneity and stereotyped connectivity in the auditory afferent system

Project description:Spiral ganglion (SG) neurons of the cochlea convey all auditory inputs to the brain, yet the cellular and molecular complexity necessary to decode the various acoustic features in the SG has remained unresolved. Using unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified four types of SG neurons, including three novel subclasses of type I neurons and the type II neurons, and provide a comprehensive genetic framework that define their potential synaptic communication patterns. The connectivity patterns of the three subclasses of type I neurons with inner hair cells and their electrophysiological profiles suggest that they represent the intensity-coding properties of auditory afferents. Moreover, neuron type specification is already established at birth, indicating a neuronal diversification process independent of neuronal activity. Thus, this work provides a transcriptional catalog of neuron types in the cochlea, which serves as a valuable resource for dissecting cell-type-specific functions of dedicated afferents in auditory perception and in hearing disorders.

2018-09-09 | GSE117055 | GEO

RNAseq of A/J mice spiral ganglion derived neurospheres vs differentiated auditory neurons

Project description:Sphere-forming progenitor cells can be isolated from the fetal and adult mammalian inner ear and give rise to inner ear specific cell types in vitro. Here, we provide phenotypical and functional characterization of a new pool of auditory progenitors as sustainable source for sphere-derived auditory neurons. The so-called phoenix auditory neuroprogenitors, isolated from the A/J mouse spiral ganglion, exhibit nearly unlimited intrinsic self-renewal properties (beyond 40 passages). At any passage, phoenix spheres can be efficiently differentiated by withdrawing growth factors into mature spiral ganglion cells, expressing both neurons and glial cells phenotypic markers and exhibiting similar functional properties as mouse spiral ganglion explants and human sphere-derived spiral ganglion cells. The present dataset includes RNAseq-based transcriptome analysis of phoenix auditory neurons following 7 days of differentiation. mRNA levels in differentiated cells are expressed relatively to neuroprogenitor spheres of equivalent passage (paired samples at passage 12, 21 and 36)

2020-08-29 | E-MTAB-9441 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Expression of Wnt Receptors in Adult Spiral Ganglion Neurons: Fzd 9 Located at Growth Cones of Regenerating Neurites

Project description:The fidelity of sound transmission by cochlear implants in patients with sensorineural hearing loss could be greatly improved by increasing the number of frequency channels. This could be achieved by stimulating and guiding neurite outgrowth to reduce the distance between the implant's electrodes and the remnants of the spiral ganglion neurons. However, little is known about signaling pathways, besides those of neurotrophic factors, that are operational in the adult spiral ganglion. To systematically identify neuronal receptors for guidance cues in the adult cochlea, we conducted a genome-wide cDNA microarray screen with two-month-old CBA/CaJ mice. A meta-analysis of our data and those from older mice in two other studies revealed the presence of neuronal transmembrane receptors that represent all four established guidance pathways—ephrin, netrin, semaphorin, and slit—in the mature cochlea as late as 15 months. In addition, we observed the expression of all known receptors for the Wnt morphogens, whose neuronal guidance function has only recently been recognized. In situ hybridizations located the mRNAs of the Wnt receptors frizzled 1, 4, 6, 9, and 10 specifically in adult spiral ganglion neurons. Finally, frizzled 9 protein was found in the growth cones of adult spiral ganglion neurons that were regenerating neurites in culture. We conclude from our results that adult spiral ganglion neurons are poised to respond to neurite damage, owing to the constitutive expression of a large and diverse collection of guidance receptors. Wnt signaling, in particular, emerges as a candidate pathway for guiding neurite outgrowth towards a cochlear implant after sensorineural hearing loss.

2009-09-16 | GSE12810 | GEO

Runx1 Controls Auditory Sensory Neuron Diversity (iCKO)

Project description:As the primary sensory neurons of the auditory system, Type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) encode sound stimulus properties critical for the formation of auditory percept in higher brain areas. Their functional heterogeneity is thought to contribute to our ability to hear a wide range of sound intensities and against background noise, but how SGN diversity arises during development is poorly understood. Here we studied the role of the transcription factor Runx1 in establishing SGN heterogeneity in the mouse cochlea by single cell RNA-sequencing.

2023-01-13 | GSE210216 | GEO

Runx1 Controls Auditory Sensory Neuron Diversity (CKO)

2023-01-13 | GSE210215 | GEO

Chromatin Chromatin remodeling protein CHD4 regulates axon guidance of spiral ganglion neurons in developing inner ear

Project description:The chromodomain helicase binding protein 4 (CHD4) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler—De-novo pathogenic variants of CHD4 cause Sifrim-Hitz-Weiss syndrome (SIHIWES). Patients with SIHIWES show delayed development, intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, and hearing loss. Many cochlear cell types, including spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs), express CHD4. SGNs are the primary afferent neurons that convey sound information from the cochlea, but the function of CHD4 in SGNs is unknown. We employed the Neurog1(Ngn1) CreERT2 Chd4 conditional knockout animals to delete Chd4 in SGNs. SGNs are classified as type I and type II neurons. SGNs lacking CHD4 showed abnormal fasciculation of type I neurons along with improper pathfinding of type II fibers. CHD4 binding to chromatin from immortalized multipotent otic progenitor-derived neurons was used to identify candidate target genes in SGNs. Gene ontology analysis of CHD4 target genes revealed cellular processes involved in axon guidance, axonal fasciculation, and ephrin receptor signaling pathway. We validated increased Epha4 transcripts in SGNs from Chd4 conditional knockout cochleae. The results suggest that CHD4 attenuates the transcription of axon guidance genes to form the stereotypic pattern of SGN peripheral projections. The results implicate how epigenetic changes affect circuit wiring by modulating axon guidance molecule expression and provide insights into neurodevelopmental diseases.

2024-02-26 | GSE250033 | GEO

Microarray expression profiling of the spiral ganglion of hearing and deafened rats

Project description:Gene expression profiling of apical and basal halves of the spiral ganglion of hearing and kanamycin-deafened rats at P32 and P60 was performed using microarray analysis. The data are further described in Rahman MT, Bailey EM, Gansemer BM, Pieper AA, Manak JR, and Green SH. Anti-inflammatory compounds improve spiral ganglion neuron survival after aminoglycoside-induced hair cell loss in rats.

2023-04-26 | GSE190146 | GEO

Direct reprogramming of spiral ganglion non-neuronal cells into neurons: Towards ameliorating sensorineural hearing loss by gene therapy

Project description:The loss of primary auditory neurons (PANs) leads to permanent hearing impairment since they are incapable of regenerating. Spiral ganglion non-neuronal cells (SGNNCs), comprised mainly of glia, are resident within the modiolus and continue to survive after PAN loss. These attributes make SGNNCs an excellent target for replacing damaged PANs through cellular reprogramming. We used the neurogenic pioneer transcription factor Ascl1 and the auditory neuron differentiation factor NeuroD1 to reprogram SGNNCs into induced neurons (iNs). The overexpression of both Ascl1 and NeuroD1 in vitro generated iNs at high efficiency and these iNs expressed several key markers of neuron identity. Transcriptome analyses revealed that iNs displayed a transcriptome profile resembling that of endogenous PANs, demonstrating that PAN-like neurons can be generated from endogenous SGNNCs. This work suggests that gene therapy can be a viable strategy to treat sensorineural hearing loss caused by degeneration of PANs.

2018-02-27 | GSE107461 | GEO

Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of cochlear spiral ganglion neurons at multiple ages

Project description:Inner ear cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) transmit sound information to the brainstem. Recent single cell RNA-Seq studies have revealed heterogeneities within SGNs. Nonetheless, much remains unknown about the transcriptome of SGNs, especially which genes are specifically expressed in SGNs. To address these questions, we needed a deeper and broader gene coverage than that in previous studies. We performed bulk RNA-Seq on mouse SGNs at five ages, and on two reference cell types (hair cells and glia). Their transcriptome comparison identified genes previously unknown to be specifically expressed in SGNs. To validate our dataset and provide useful genetic tools for this research field, we generated two knockin mouse strains: Scrt2-P2A-tdTomato and Celf4-3xHA-P2A-iCreER-T2A-EGFP. Our comprehensive analysis confirmed the SGN-selective expression of the candidate genes, testifying to the quality of our transcriptome data. These two mouse strains can be used to temporally label SGNs or to sort them.

2020-01-07 | GSE132925 | GEO

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