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RG108-Pt(IV) Prodrug as a Potential Antitumor Agent with Hearing Protection Effects in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

ABSTRACT: This study developed a novel series of Pt(IV) prodrugs derived from the hearing-protective ligand RG108, including mono- and di-substituted cisplatin and oxaliplatin derivatives, to achieve high therapeutic efficacy with reduced toxicity. Compound 4 emerged as a standout candidate, demonstrating remarkable anti-tumor activity in FADU cells with an IC50 value exceeding 500-fold that of cisplatin. It potently induced apoptosis, suppressed migration, and exhibited robust in vivo anti-tumor efficacy. Mechanistically, the compound was found to enhance platinum accumulation in tumor cells via the EZH2/SLC47A2 regulatory axis, marking the first introduction of this pathway into tetravalent platinum drug research. Notably, the synthesized derivatives significantly mitigated platinum-associated ototoxicity, as evidenced by preserved cochlear hair cell viability, stabilized auditory brainstem response thresholds, and intact cochlear basement membrane morphology, thereby overcoming the hearing loss limitations of conventional platinum chemotherapy. This work establishes a pioneering framework for designing dual-functional platinum-based agents that synergize anti-tumor potency with organoprotective properties, offering both theoretical insights and translational potential.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE298321 | GEO | 2025/06/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background Cisplatin-induced ototoxicity (CIO), characterized by irreversible and progressive bilateral hearing loss, is a prevalent adverse effect of cisplatin chemotherapy. Alongside clinical risk factors, genetic variants contribute to CIO and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have highlighted the polygenicity of this adverse drug reaction. Polygenic scores (PGS), which integrate information from multiple genetic variants across the genome, offer a promising tool for the identification of individuals who are at higher risk for CIO. Integrating large-scale hearing loss GWAS data with single cell omics data holds potential to overcome limitations related to small sample sizes associated with CIO studies, enabling the creation of PGSs to predict CIO risk. Results We utilized a large-scale hearing loss GWAS and murine inner ear single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) data to develop two polygenic scores: a hearing loss PGS (PGSHL) and a biologically informed PGS for CIO (PGSCIO). The PGSCIO included only variants which mapped to genes that were differentially expressed within cochlear cells that showed differential abundance in the murine snRNA-seq data post-cisplatin treatment. Evaluation of the association of these PGSs with CIO in our target CIO cohort revealed that PGSCIO demonstrated superior performance (P = 5.54 × 10− 5) relative to PGSHL (P = 2.93 × 10− 3). PGSCIO was also associated with CIO in our test cohort (P = 0.04), while the PGSHL did not show a significant association with CIO (P = 0.52). Conclusion This study developed the first PGS for CIO using a large-scale hearing loss dataset and a biologically informed filter generated from cisplatin-treated murine inner ear snRNA-seq data. This innovative approach offers new avenues for developing PGSs for pharmacogenomic traits, which could contribute to the implementation of tailored therapeutic interventions. Further, our approach facilitated the identification of specific cochlear cells that may play critical roles in CIO. These novel insights will guide future research aimed at developing targeted therapeutic strategies to prevent CIO.

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RG108-Pt(IV) Prodrug as a Potential Antitumor Agent with Hearing Protection Effects in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck

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