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FACT Complex Recruitment and the Role of H2A.Z in Transcriptional Regulation [RNA-seq]

ABSTRACT: The FACT complex (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) plays a key role in chromatin remodeling during transcription, enhancing DNA accessibility. It is believed to alter chromatin by temporarily displacing histones, enabling RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to engage, and then reinstating the original chromatin structure after transcription is complete. In this study, we show that FACT complex subunit ssrp1 undergoes neddylation in vivo, which might be important for its subcellular localization and its interaction with Pol II. This, in turn, promotes the recruitment of the FACT complex to actively transcribed chromatin, establishing a positive feedback loop. In addition, the FACT complex mediates H3K4me3 while not influencing the transcriptional rate. Lastly, in contrast to its canonical form, ubiquitinated H2A.Z does not impede FACT's binding to chromatin and may alleviate the transcriptional repression associated with canonical H2A ubiquitination.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE299054 | GEO | 2025/06/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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FACT Complex Recruitment and the Role of H2A.Z in Transcriptional Regulation [ChIP-seq]

Project description:The FACT complex (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) plays a key role in chromatin remodeling during transcription, enhancing DNA accessibility. It is believed to alter chromatin by temporarily displacing histones, enabling RNA polymerase II (Pol II) to engage, and then reinstating the original chromatin structure after transcription is complete. In this study, we show that FACT complex subunit ssrp1 undergoes neddylation in vivo, which might be important for its subcellular localization and its interaction with Pol II. This, in turn, promotes the recruitment of the FACT complex to actively transcribed chromatin, establishing a positive feedback loop. In addition, the FACT complex mediates H3K4me3 while not influencing the transcriptional rate. Lastly, in contrast to its canonical form, ubiquitinated H2A.Z does not impede FACT's binding to chromatin and may alleviate the transcriptional repression associated with canonical H2A ubiquitination.

2025-06-08 | GSE299053 | GEO

FACT orchestrates the interplay between chromatin structure and transcription [ChIP-Seq]

Project description:Transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II) depends on transcription factors and chromatin factors. Here we use rapid factor depletion and multiomics analysis to investigate how a histone chaperone, FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription (FACT), influence nascent transcription by RNA PolII in human cells. Depletion of a FACT subunit, SSRP1, led to rapid changes in chromatin structure and concomitantly strongly compromised RNA synthesis. FACT depletion led to a multilayered transcriptional defect, including loss of promoter proximal pausing, deregulated release into elongation and drop-off of RNA Pol II in promoter-distant gene regions. We combined these analyses with biochemical dissection of transcription of a chromatinized template to show that FACT supports both elongation and pausing of RNA Pol II. Our study also provides new evidence how the position of promoter proximal pausing is defined by the +1 nucleosome in human cells.

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FACT orchestrates the interplay between chromatin structure and transcription [MNase-Seq]

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FACT orchestrates the interplay between chromatin structure and transcription [mNET-Seq]

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FACT orchestrates the interplay between chromatin structure and transcription [TT-Seq]

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FACT orchestrates the interplay between chromatin structure and transcription [5Cap-Seq]

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Transcriptional repression by FACT is linked to regulation of chromatin accessibility at the promoter of ES cells

Project description:The conserved and essential histone chaperone FACT (Facilitates Chromatin Transcription) reorganizes nucleosomes during DNA transcription, replication and repair and ensures both, efficient elongation of RNA Pol II and nucleosome integrity. In mammalian cells, FACT is a heterodimer, consisting of SSRP1 and SUPT16. Here, we show that in contrast to yeast, FACT accumulates at the transcription start site of genes reminiscent of RNA Polymerase II profile. Depletion of FACT in mouse embryonic stem cells leads to de-regulation of developmental and pro-proliferative genes concomitant with hyper-proliferation of mES cells. Using MNase-, ATAC-, and Nascent Elongating Transcript Sequencing (NET-seq) we show that up-regulation of genes coincides with loss of nucleosomes upstream of the TSS and concomitant increase in antisense transcription, indicating that FACT impacts the promoter architecture to regulate expression of these genes. Finally, we demonstrate a role for FACT in cell fate determination and show that FACT depletion primes ES cells for the neuronal lineage.

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A Role for FACT in RNA Polymerase II Promoter-Proximal Pausing

Project description:This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below. FACT (Facilitates Chromatin Transcription) is an evolutionarily conserved histone chaperone that was initially identified as an activity capable of promoting RNA polymerase II transcription through nucleosomes in vitro. In this report, we describe a global analysis of FACT function in Pol II transcription in Drosophila. We present evidence that loss of FACT has a dramatic impact on Pol II elongation-coupled processes including H3K4 and H3K36 methylation, consistent with a role for FACT in coordinating histone modification and chromatin architecture during Pol II transcription. Importantly, we identify a role for FACT in the maintenance of promoter proximal Pol II pausing, a key step in transcription activation in higher eukaryotes. These findings bring to light a broader role for FACT in the regulation of Pol II transcription.

2019-06-14 | GSE129236 | GEO

Pyruvate facilitates FACT-mediated γH2AX loading to chromatin and promotes the radiation resistance of glioblastoma

Project description:DNA repair confers the resistance of tumor cells to DNA-damaging anticancer therapies, while how reprogrammed metabolism in tumor cells contributes to such process remains poorly understood. Pyruvate kinase M2 isoform (PKM2) catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and regulates the last rate-limiting step of glycolysis. Here we show that the glycolytic metabolite pyruvate enhances the repair of damaged DNA by facilitating chromatin loading of γH2AX, thereby promoting the radiation resistance of glioma cells. Mechanistically, PKM2 is phosphorylated at serine (S) 222 upon DNA damage and interacts with FACT complex, a histone chaperone comprising SPT16 and SSRP1 subunit. The pyruvate produced by PKM2 in the PKM2/FACT complex directly binds to SSRP1, which increases the association of FACT complex with γH2AX and subsequently facilitates FACT-mediated chromatin loading of γH2AX, ultimately promoting DNA repair and tumor cell survival. Intriguingly, the supplementation of exogenous pyruvate can also sufficiently enhance FACT-mediated chromatin loading of γH2AX and promotes tumor cell survival upon DNA damage. The levels of PKM2 S222 phosphorylation correlate with the malignancy and prognosis of human glioblastoma. Our finding demonstrates a novel mechanism by which PKM2-produced pyruvate promotes DNA repair by regulating γH2AX loading to chromatin and establishes a critical role of this mechanism in glioblastoma radiation resistance.

2021-11-18 | PXD029790 |

Ssrp1 co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry

Project description:Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) were usually silenced by various histone modifications on histone H3 variants and respective histone chaperones in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, it is still unknown whether chaperones of other histones could repress ERVs. Here, we show that H2A/H2B histone chaperone FACT plays a critical role in silencing ERVs and ERV-derived cryptic promoters in ESCs. Loss of FACT component Ssrp1 activated MERVL whereas the re-introduction of Ssrp1 rescued the phenotype. Additionally, Ssrp1 interacted with MERVL and suppressed cryptic transcription of MERVL-fused genes. Remarkably, Ssrp1 interacted with and recruited H2B deubiquitinase Usp7 to Ssrp1 target genes. Suppression of Usp7 caused similar phenotypes as loss of Ssrp1. Furthermore, Usp7 acted by deubiquitinating H2Bub and thereby repressed the expression of MERVL-fused genes. Taken together, our study uncovers a unique mechanism by which FACT complex silences ERVs and ERV-derived cryptic promoters in ESCs.

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