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KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease

ABSTRACT: This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE299850 | GEO | 2025/09/09

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease [Hi-C]

Project description:Understanding transcriptional regulatory networks (TRNs) in microglia is key to uncovering mechanisms driving central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Human iPSC-derived models offer a tractable system for studying microglia, yet variability between lines has limited reproducibility. Here, we use the standardized KOLF2.1J iTF line to rapidly generate microglia-like cells (iTF-Microglia) and profile TRNs under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions. iTF-Microglia closely resemble primary brain microglia at both transcriptomic and epigenomic levels. Integrative analyses reveal microglia-enriched candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs) and dynamic enhancer remodeling upon differentiation and LPS+IFNG stimulation, involving key transcription factors (TFs) including NF-kB, IRF, and STAT families. TRNs active in iTF-Microglia are enriched for genetic variants linked to Alzheimer’s disease and other CNS disorders. These findings establish KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia as a reproducible and genetically tractable platform for studying human microglial gene regulation and provide mechanistic insight into how TRN remodeling may contribute to CNS disease risk.

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KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease [ChIP-seq]

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KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease

Project description:KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease

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KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease [Hi-C]

Project description:KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease [Hi-C]

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KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease [ChIP-seq]

Project description:KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease [ChIP-seq]

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KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease [ATAC-seq]

Project description:KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease [ATAC-seq]

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KOLF2.1J iTF-Microglia: A standardized platform to study microglial transcriptional regulatory networks in CNS disease [RNA-seq]

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Potent and multiple regulatory actions of microglial glucocorticoid receptors during CNS inflammation.

Project description:In CNS, glucocorticoids (GCs) activate both GC receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), whereas GR is widely expressed, the expression of MR is restricted. However, both are present in the microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain and their activation can lead to pro- or anti-inflammatory effects. We have therefore addressed the specific functions of GR in microglia. In mice lacking GR in macrophages/microglia and in the absence of modifications in MR expression, intraparenchymal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activating Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway resulted in exacerbated cellular lesion, neuronal and axonal damage. Global inhibition of GR by RU486 pre-treatment revealed that microglial GR is the principal mediator preventing neuronal degeneration triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and contributes with GRs of other cell types to the protection of non-neuronal cells. In vivo and in vitro data show GR functions in microglial differentiation, proliferation and motility. Interestingly, microglial GR also abolishes the LPS-induced delayed outward rectifier currents by downregulating Kv1.3 expression known to control microglia proliferation and oxygen radical production. Analysis of GR transcriptional function revealed its powerful negative control of pro-inflammatory effectors as well as upstream inflammatory activators. Finally, we analyzed the role of GR in chronic unpredictable mild stress and aging, both known to prime or sensitize microglia in vivo. We found that microglial GR suppresses rather than mediates the deleterious effects of stress or aging on neuronal survival. Overall, the results show that microglial GR acts on several key processes limiting pro-inflammatory actions of activated microglia.

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