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The CARM1 Epigenetic Enzyme Inhibits Cross-presenting Dendritic Cell Function in Cancer Immunity [ATAC-seq]

ABSTRACT: The cancer-immunity cycle requires cross-presenting dendritic cells (cDC1) that induce T cell-mediated immunity, but therapeutic strategies for enhancing intratumoral cDC1 function are inadequate. We discovered the epigenetic enzyme Carm1 as a selective negative regulator of cancer antigen presentation by cDC1s, but not cDC2s. Carm1 inactivation promoted cDC1 antigen cross-presentation, activation, and accumulation in tumors; and a Carm1 inhibitor enhanced cDC1-mediated priming of T cells by a cancer vaccine. Carm1 inhibition increased chromatin accessibility at BATF3-JUN and RELA sites critical for cDC1 function and activation. Carm1 expression was regulated by TGF-beta, explaining why Carm1 inactivation enhanced intratumoral cDC1 function without altering cDC1 homeostasis. These studies identify Carm1 as a therapeutic target for enhancing the anti-tumor function of murine and human cDC1.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE300010 | GEO | 2026/06/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Immune evasion is an important hallmark of cancer ensured by diverse strategies, including immunosuppression and downregulation of antigen presentation. Here, to restore immunogenicity of cancer cells, we employed the minimal gene regulatory network of highly immunogenic type 1 conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) to reprogram cancer cells into professional antigen presenting cells (APCs). We showed that enforced expression of PU.1, IRF8 and BATF3 (PIB) was sufficient to induce cDC1 phenotype in 33 cell lines derived from human and mouse hematological and solid tumors. PIB gradually modified the cancer cell transcriptional and epigenetic program imposing global antigen presentation and cDC1 gene signatures within 9 days. cDC1 reprogramming restored the expression of antigen presentation complexes as well as co-stimulatory molecules at the cell surface, leading to the presentation of endogenous antigens on MHC-I, and to CD8+ T cell mediated killing. Functionally, tumor- APCs acquired the ability to uptake and process exogenous proteins and dead cells, secreted inflammatory cytokines and cross-presented antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells. Importantly, tumor-APCs were efficiently generated at the single cell level from primary cancer cells of 7 solid tumors that presented antigens to memory and naïve T-cells, as well as to activated patient-specific intra-tumoral lymphocytes. Alongside antigen presentation, tumor-APCs harboring TP53, KRAS and PTEN mutations showed impaired tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Finally, using in vivo mouse models of melanoma, we showed that intra-tumoral injection of tumor-APCs promoted lymphoid infiltration, delayed tumor growth and increased survival. The anti-tumor immunity elicited by tumor-APCs was synergistic with immune checkpoint inhibitors enabling tumor eradication. Our approach combines cDC1’s antigen processing and presenting abilities with endogenous generation of tumor antigens and serves as a platform for the development of novel immunotherapies based on endowed antigen presentation in cancer cells.

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The CARM1 Epigenetic Enzyme Inhibits Cross-presenting Dendritic Cell Function in Cancer Immunity [ATAC-seq]

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