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Genetic inactivation of the Translin/Trax RNase activity alters small RNAs including miRNAs, disrupts gene expression and impairs distinct forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory [Trax bulk mRNAseq]

ABSTRACT: Neurons utilize RNA interference in the reversible translational repression of synaptically localized mRNAs, enabling rapid translation in response to synaptic activity. Two evolutionarily conserved proteins, Translin and Trax, form an RNase complex which processes miRNAs, tRNAs and siRNAs. To determine the specific role of the RNase activity of this complex in brain function, we employed a mouse line harboring a point mutation in Trax (E126A) that renders the Translin/Trax RNase inactive. At the molecular level, we found alterations in the levels of multiple small RNAs including miRNAs, tsRNAs and substantial downregulation of gene expression at the mRNA level in the hippocampus of TraxE126A mice. At the synaptic level, TraxE126A mice exhibit deficits in specific forms of long-term hippocampal synaptic plasticity. At the behavioral level, TraxE126A mice display impaired long-term spatial memory and altered open-field and acoustic-startle behavior. These studies reveal the functional role of Translin/Trax RNase in the mammalian brain.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE300962 | GEO | 2026/01/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Genetic inactivation of the Translin/Trax RNase activity alters small RNAs including miRNAs, disrupts gene expression and impairs distinct forms of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and memory [Trax microRNAseq]

Project description:Neurons utilize RNA interference in the reversible translational repression of synaptically localized mRNAs, enabling rapid translation in response to synaptic activity. Two evolutionarily conserved proteins, Translin and Trax, form an RNase complex which processes miRNAs, tRNAs and siRNAs. To determine the specific role of the RNase activity of this complex in brain function, we employed a mouse line harboring a point mutation in Trax (E126A) that renders the Translin/Trax RNase inactive. At the molecular level, we found alterations in the levels of multiple small RNAs including miRNAs, tsRNAs and substantial downregulation of gene expression at the mRNA level in the hippocampus of TraxE126A mice. At the synaptic level, TraxE126A mice exhibit deficits in specific forms of long-term hippocampal synaptic plasticity. At the behavioral level, TraxE126A mice display impaired long-term spatial memory and altered open-field and acoustic-startle behavior. These studies reveal the functional role of Translin/Trax RNase in the mammalian brain.

2026-01-10 | GSE300963 | GEO

The Translin-TRAX complex/C3PO is a ribonuclease in tRNA processing

Project description:The endogenous RNA substrates of Translin-TRAX complexes (also known as C3POs) and how they regulate diverse biological processes remain unknown. Here we show that Translin and TRAX do not play a significant role in RNAi in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Instead, the Neurospora C3PO complex functions as a ribonuclease that removes the 5M-bM-^@M-^Y pre-tRNA fragments after the processing of pre-tRNAs by RNase P. In translin and trax mutants, 5M-bM-^@M-^Y pre-tRNA fragments accumulate to very high levels that can be degraded specifically by both recombinant and endogenous Neurospora C3PO and recombinant Drosophila C3PO. In addition, the mutants have elevated tRNA levels and increased levels of protein translation and are more resistant to a programmed cell-death inducing agent. Together, this study identified the endogenous RNA substrates of C3PO and provides a potential explanation for its roles in seemingly diverse biological processes. Examine small RNA population changes in two different strain background

2012-07-30 | E-GEOD-38334 | biostudies-arrayexpress

The Translin-TRAX complex/C3PO is a ribonuclease in tRNA processing

Project description:The endogenous RNA substrates of Translin-TRAX complexes (also known as C3POs) and how they regulate diverse biological processes remain unknown. Here we show that Translin and TRAX do not play a significant role in RNAi in the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa. Instead, the Neurospora C3PO complex functions as a ribonuclease that removes the 5’ pre-tRNA fragments after the processing of pre-tRNAs by RNase P. In translin and trax mutants, 5’ pre-tRNA fragments accumulate to very high levels that can be degraded specifically by both recombinant and endogenous Neurospora C3PO and recombinant Drosophila C3PO. In addition, the mutants have elevated tRNA levels and increased levels of protein translation and are more resistant to a programmed cell-death inducing agent. Together, this study identified the endogenous RNA substrates of C3PO and provides a potential explanation for its roles in seemingly diverse biological processes.

2012-07-30 | GSE38334 | GEO

Differential regulation of telomere associated transcriptome homeostasis by Translin and Trax is linked to Argonaute-mediated chromosome stability control

Project description:RNA interference is required to form the centromeric heterochromatin needed for chromosome segregation fidelity. Central to this is Argonaute protein, which processes small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) within a self-enforcing feedback mechanism that utilizes the guidance of siRNAs to nucleate heterochromatin-mediators. siRNA processing by Argonaute-containing complexes is enhanced by Translin and Trax proteins. Current dogma purports that impairment of Argonaute drives centromeric heterochromatin dysregulation and chromosome instability. We used the fission yeast to demonstrate that loss of Trax can suppress the chromosomal instability conferred by loss of Argonaute in a Translin-dependent fashion, without restoring centromeric heterochromatin. Extended analysis of Trax and Translin defective cells revealed a conserved role for Trax and Translin in telomeric transcription. This not only identified a novel telomere regulatory activity, but also demonstrates that under conditions of centromeric dysfunction telomeric transcriptional stasis can negatively impact chromosome segregation.

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RNA-seq for WT and R6/2 (HD) mice with Translin-associated protein X (TRAX) knockdown

Project description:RNA-seq for WT and R6/2 (HD) mice with Translin-associated protein X (TRAX) knockdown

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miRNA-seq for WT and R6/2 (HD) mice with Translin-associated protein X (TRAX) knockdown

Project description:miRNA-seq for WT and R6/2 (HD) mice with Translin-associated protein X (TRAX) knockdown

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The miRNA/mRNA regulation by Translin associated factor X (TRAX) in WT and R6/2 HD mice

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Functional characterization of Drosophila Translin and Trax.

Project description:The vertebrate RNA and ssDNA-binding protein Translin has been suggested to function in a variety of cellular processes, including DNA damage response, RNA transport, and translational control. The Translin-associated factor X (Trax) interacts with Translin, and Trax protein stability depends on the presence of Translin. To determine the function of the Drosophila Translin and Trax, we generated a translin null mutant and isolated a trax nonsense mutation. translin and trax single and double mutants are viable, fertile, and phenotypically normal. Meiotic recombination rates and chromosome segregation are also not affected in translin and trax mutants. In addition, we found no evidence for an increased sensitivity for DNA double-strand damage in embryos and developing larvae. Together with the lack of evidence for their involvement in DNA double-strand break checkpoints, this argues against a critical role for Translin and Trax in sensing or repairing such DNA damage. However, Drosophila translin is essential for stabilizing the Translin interaction partner Trax, a function that is surprisingly conserved throughout evolution. Conversely, trax is not essential for Translin stability as trax mutants exhibit normal levels of Translin protein.

| S-EPMC1667053 | biostudies-literature

Translin KO mice display elevated adiposity

Project description:The high prevalence of obesity has focused attention on defining the pathophysiological processes that underlie susceptibility or resistance to its deleterious metabolic consequences. Mice lacking translin (Tsn), a gene implicated in a variety of biological functions from transcription to microRNA degradation, display extremely high levels of adiposity, comparable to those found in well-known genetic models of obesity, such as melanocortin 4 receptor or leptin knockout (KO) mice. Although translin KO mice display increased adiposity they retain normal glucose tolerance. In contrast, wild-type (WT) mice placed on a high-fat diet until they match translin KO adiposity levels are glucose intolerant, as expected. Conversely, translin KO mice display prominent hepatic steatosis that is more severe than that of adiposity-matched WT mice. The ability of translin KO mice to retain normal glucose tolerance in the face of massive tissue expansion may be due to three factors: preferential accumulation of subcutaneous fat, reduced levels of TNF mRNA in both adipose and hepatic tissue, and elevated levels of plasma adiponectin. Further studies aimed at defining the molecular bases for these phenotypes may yield new approaches to limit the adverse metabolic consequences of obesity.

2020-04-10 | GSE114932 | GEO

RNA-seq for WT and R6/2 (HD) mice with Translin-associated protein X (TRAX) knockdown

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2024-10-14 | GSE187608 | GEO

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