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Hypoxia induces histone clipping and H3K4me3 loss in neutrophil progenitors resulting in long-term impairment of neutrophil immunity [CUT&Run]

ABSTRACT: A deeper understanding of the processes that sustain long-term reprogramming of rapidly turned-over cells in humans can offer unprecedented therapeutic potential, especially for immune cells like neutrophils, given their short lifespan in circulation and importance in both acute and chronic diseases. Hypoxia is a hallmark of a plethora of disease states and significantly shapes neutrophil effector functions. However, its potential contribution to long-term neutrophil reprogramming remains largely unexplored. We have observed persistent perturbations in newly formed circulating neutrophils’ phenotype and function in patients 3-6 months following hospitalisation with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), where poor oxygenation takes place. These lasting changes are associated with widespread loss of H3K4me3 in genomic regions of relevance to neutrophil activities. Notably, the replication of these findings in healthy volunteers months following altitude-induced hypoxaemia attributes a role to the oxygen deprivation as a driver for long-term neutrophil reprogramming. Mechanistically, mouse models of systemic hypoxia reveal deleterious outcomes for infection and show that persistent loss of H3K4me3 originates in proNeu and preNeu populations within the bone marrow and is linked to hypoxia-driven n-terminal histone 3 clipping. Thus, we present novel evidence that acute adaptations to systemic hypoxia trigger central changes in newly formed neutrophil populations, resulting in long-term impairment of effector functions and placing hypoxia as a crucial orchestrator of sustained neutrophil reprogramming.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE301027 | GEO | 2025/09/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is a chronic childhood arthropathy with features of autoinflammation. Early inflammatory SJIA is associated with expansion and activation of neutrophils with a sepsis-like phenotype, but neutrophil phenotypes present in longstanding and clinically inactive disease (CID) are unknown. The objective of this study was to examine activated neutrophil subsets, S100 alarmin release, and gene expression signatures in children with a spectrum of SJIA disease activity. Methods: Highly-purified neutrophils were isolated using a two-step procedure of density-gradient centrifugation followed by magnetic-bead based negative selection prior to flow cytometry or cell culture to quantify S100 protein release. Whole transcriptome gene expression profiles were compared in neutrophils from children with both active SJIA and CID. Results: Patients with SJIA and active systemic features demonstrated a higher number of CD16+CD62Llo neutrophil population compared to controls. This neutrophil subset was not seen in patients with CID or patients with active arthritis not exhibiting systemic features. Using imaging flow cytometry, CD16+CD62Llo neutrophils from patients with active SJIA and features of macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) had increased nuclear hypersegmentation compared to CD16+CD62L+ neutrophils. Serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 were strongly correlated with peripheral blood neutrophil counts. Neutrophils from active SJIA patients did not show enhanced resting S100 protein release; however, regardless of disease activity, neutrophils from SJIA patients did show enhanced S100A8/A9 release upon PMA stimulation compared to control neutrophils. Furthermore, whole transcriptome analysis of highly purified neutrophils from children with active SJIA identified 214 differentially expressed genes compared to neutrophils from healthy controls. The most significantly upregulated gene pathway was Immune System Process, including AIM2, IL18RAP, and NLRC4. Interestingly, this gene set showed intermediate levels of expression in neutrophils from patients with long-standing CID yet persistent serum IL-18 elevation. Indeed, all patient samples regardless of disease activity demonstrated elevated inflammatory gene expression, including inflammasome components and S100A8. Conclusion: We identify features of neutrophil activation in SJIA patients with active disease and CID, including a proinflammatory gene expression signature, reflecting persistent innate immune activation. Taken together, these studies expand understanding of neutrophil function in chronic autoinflammatory disorders such as SJIA.

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Hypoxia induces histone clipping and H3K4me3 loss in neutrophil progenitors resulting in long-term impairment of neutrophil immunity [CUT&Run]

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