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The Ankrd2, Cdkn1c and Calcyclin Genes are Under the Control of MyoD During Myogenic Differentiation

ABSTRACT: Skeletal muscle development requires the coordinated expression of numerous transcription factors to control the specification of the muscle fate in mesodermal cells and the differentiation of the committed myoblasts into functional contractile fibers. The bHLH transcription factor MyoD plays a key role in these processes, since its forced expression is sufficient to induce the myogenesis in a variety of non-muscle cells in culture. Consistent with this observation, the majority of skeletal muscle genes requires MyoD to activate their own transcription. In order to identify novel MyoD-target genes we generated C2C12 MyoD-silenced clones, and used a muscle-specific cDNA microarray to study the induced modifications of the transcriptional profile. Gene expression was analyzed at three different stages in differentiating MyoD(-)C2C12 myoblasts. These microarray data sets identified many additional uncharacterized downstream MyoD transcripts that may play important functions in muscle cell differentiation. Among these genes, we concentrated our study on the cell cycle regulators Cdkn1c and calcyclin and on the muscle-specific putative myogenic regulator Ankrd2. Bioinformatic and functional studies on the promoters of these genes clarified their dependence on MyoD activity. Clues of other regulatory mechanisms that might interact with the principal bHLH transcription factor have been revealed by the unexpected up regulation in MyoD(-) cells of these novel (and other) target transcripts, at the differentiation stage in which MyoD became normally down regulated. Keywords: MyoD, cell cycle regulation, cDNA microarray, myogenic differentiation, gene regulation

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE3014 | GEO | 2005/07/28

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA93195

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:To provide insights into the role of Ankrd2 in the pathways controlling myogenic differentiation, the gene networks that are disturbed in Ankrd2 knockout or overexpressing primary cells were explored during differentiation. Ankrd2 plays an important role in myogenic differentiation by modulating the activity of its interacting partners (i.e p53). Since Ankrd2 binds to numerous transcription factors many signaling pathways remained to be explored to determine the functional significance of crosstalk between Ankrd2 and the activation of transcriptional programmes that regulate muscle remodeling. In contrast to previous gene expression studies in which we and others have studied the effect of Ankrd2 silencing in mouse differentiating C2C12 cells (Series GSE7542) and human differentiated CHQ5B muscle cells (Belgrano et al., 2011), we here used an in vivo experimental model in which the expression of Ankrd2 was completely abrogated. Furthermore, since Ankrd2 is known to be strongly upregulated in response to various stress stimuli, we studied the effect of Ankrd2 rescue and acute overexpression in KO and WT cells by adenoviral infection 20 hours prior to collection of cells. The pathways that change significantly are involved in distinct inflammatory response phases having NF-kB as a central node. Based on these results Ankrd2 is emerging for the first time as a repressor of immune and inflammatory responses. Gene expression profiling experiments have been performed using the SurePrint G3 Mouse 8x60K array by Agilent with 8 subarrays, each containing 39,430 60mer oligonucleotide probes for Entrez Gene RNAs, 16,251 for lincRNAs, 96 x 10 control probes, and 32 x 10 spike-in control probes. The Agilent platforms with one-color approach were selected to make possible the all-to all experiments comparison. The animal model, created and characterized in the laboratory of Dr.ML Bang, directed at knocking out Ankrd2 function was used. The adenovirus expressing Ankrd2-HA was produced using the AdEasy strategy (Agilent Technologies). Primary muscle cultures derived from wild type (WT) and Ankrd2-knockout (KO) mice infected with adenovirus expressing Ankrd2 or control GFP were collected at three different stages: proliferating, fusing and differentiated myoblasts. Three biological replicates per condition were included and a total of 36 microarray experiments were thus performed. First, the over-expression of Ankrd2 was checked by Western blot analysis. Then RNA was extracted from each sample and the relative transcriptional profiles were carried out using updated microarrays from Agilent technologies. Information from probe features was extracted from microarray scan data with the Feature Extraction Software (Agilent). Only arrays with at least 8/9 quality control metrics in range were used for the following data analyses. Intra-array normalization was performed with the Feature Extraction Software. Quantile inter-arrays normalization was performed using the Expander software (Sharan et al., 2003).

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The Ankrd2, Cdkn1c and Calcyclin Genes are Under the Control of MyoD During Myogenic Differentiation

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