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Tumor-borne ADAMTSL4 drives cancer cachexia via TGFβ signaling pathway

ABSTRACT: Cancer cachexia (CCx) is a multifactorial wasting disorder in patients with cancer characterized by involuntary body weight loss. Whereas CCx is associated with reduced quality of life and poor survival, no approved pharmacological intervention exists. Here we show that elevated circulating levels of the tumour-derived glycoprotein ADAMTSL4 were associated with weight loss in various preclinical CCx models as well as in cachectic patients with different cancers. ADAMTSL4 overexpression in non-cachexia-inducing tumour cells conferred cachexia-inducing properties upon exposure of cultured myocytes and adipocytes as well as implantation in mice. Reversely, genetic ADAMTSL4 deletion in cachexia-inducing cancer cells markedly repressed wasting phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo. Ligand-receptor capture technology identified the latency-associated peptide of TGF-β1 as ADAMTSL4 target on muscle cell surface. ADAMTSL4 mediated muscle atrophy and adipose tissue wasting through local TGF-β1 activation, sensitive to inhibition of TGFβR1 or knockdown of proTGF-β1. Given the conserved correlation between circulating ADAMTSL4 and skeletal muscle TGF pathway component expression in an independent human cancer patient cohort, our data suggest that blockade of ADAMTSL4 function represents a first rational approach towards efficient cancer cachexia pharmacotherapy.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE304945 | GEO | 2026/06/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background Loss of skeletal muscle mass in advanced cancer is recognized as an independent predictor of mortality. Mechanisms involved in this wasting process and parameters for early diagnosis are still lacking. As skeletal muscle is considered as a secretory organ, the aim of this present experimental work was to characterize the changes in muscle proteome and secretome associated with cancer-induced cachexia to better understand cellular mechanisms involved in this wasting process and to identify secreted proteins which might reflect the ongoing muscle atrophy process. Methods We investigated first the changes in the muscle proteome associated with cancer-induced cachexia by using differential label-free proteomic analysis on muscle of the C26 mouse model. The differentially abundant proteins were submitted to sequential bioinformatic secretomic analysis in order to identify potentially secreted proteins. Selected reaction monitoring and Western blotting were used to verify the presence of candidate proteins at the circulating level. Their muscle source was demonstrated by assessing their gene expression in skeletal muscle and in cultured myotubes. Finally, we also investigated their regulation in muscle cells. Alterations in several molecular pathways potentially involved in muscle atrophy were highlighted using Gene ontology enrichment analyses. Results Our results revealed a dramatic increased production (2-to 25-fold) by the muscle of several acute phase reactants (APR: Haptoglobin, Serpina3n, Complement C3, Serum amyloid A1) which are also released in the circulation during C26 cancer cachexia. Their production was confirmed in other preclinical models of cancer cachexia as well as in cancer patients. The muscular origin of these APR was demonstrated by their increased expression in skeletal muscle and myotubes. Glucocorticoids and pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute directly to their increased expression in muscle cells in vitro, while the role of IL-6 in the muscular induction of these APR was demonstrated in vivo. Conclusions Cancer is associated with marked changes in muscle secretome during muscle wasting. Our study demonstrates a marked increased production of APR by skeletal muscle in pre-clinical models of cancer cachexia and in cancer patients. Further studies are required to unravel the potential role of these proteins in muscle atrophy and their interest as biomarkers of cancer cachexia.

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Tumor-borne ADAMTSL4 drives cancer cachexia via TGFβ signaling pathway

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