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Pioneer transcription factor TAL1 reshapes chromatin architecture to direct erythroid cell fate commitment

ABSTRACT: Pioneer transcription factors critically regulate chromatin organization and hematopoietic cell lineage commitment. During erythropoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells undergo dynamic transcriptional and chromatin remodeling to differentiate into erythrocytes. Functionally validated pioneer factors capable of orchestrating erythropoiesis through dynamic chromatin remodeling remain limited, leaving their regulatory mechanisms incompletely resolved. Here, we identify T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1(TAL1) as a pioneer factor that remodels chromatin to drive transcriptional reprogramming during erythropoiesis. By recruiting SWI/SNF complex, TAL1 drives erythroid fate specification while suppressing alternative lineages through lineage-restricted chromatin compartment reorganization. As a pioneer factor, TAL1 recruits chromatin remodelers BPTF and KMT2A to establish erythroid-specific genomic architecture. These complexes collectively execute TAL1 directed differentiation programs by transcriptionally activating erythroid regulators while repressing non-erythroid determinants. Our work establishes a generalizable chromatin accessibility-directed pioneer factor screening strategy, we identify TAL1 as a master pioneer factor and resolve its mechanism in driving erythroid commitment through 3D epigenome restructuring.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE305041 | GEO | 2026/06/24

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Pioneer transcription factor TAL1 reshapes chromatin architecture to direct erythroid cell fate commitment [ATAC-Seq]

Project description:Pioneer transcription factors critically regulate chromatin organization and hematopoietic cell lineage commitment. During erythropoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells undergo dynamic transcriptional and chromatin remodeling to differentiate into erythrocytes. Functionally validated pioneer factors capable of orchestrating erythropoiesis through dynamic chromatin remodeling remain limited, leaving their regulatory mechanisms incompletely resolved. Here, we identify T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia 1(TAL1) as a pioneer factor that remodels chromatin to drive transcriptional reprogramming during erythropoiesis. By recruiting SWI/SNF complex, TAL1 drives erythroid fate specification while suppressing alternative lineages through lineage-restricted chromatin compartment reorganization. As a pioneer factor, TAL1 recruits chromatin remodelers BPTF and KMT2A to establish erythroid-specific genomic architecture. These complexes collectively execute TAL1 directed differentiation programs by transcriptionally activating erythroid regulators while repressing non-erythroid determinants. Our work establishes a generalizable chromatin accessibility-directed pioneer factor screening strategy, we identify TAL1 as a master pioneer factor and resolve its mechanism in driving erythroid commitment through 3D epigenome restructuring.

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Project description:We used mouse ENCODE data along with complementary data from other laboratories to study the dynamics of occupancy and the role in gene regulation of the transcription factor TAL1, a critical regulator of hematopoiesis, at multiple stages of hematopoietic differentiation. We combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data in six mouse cell types representing a progression from multilineage precursors to differentiated erythroblasts and megakaryocytes. We found that sites of occupancy shift dramatically during commitment to the erythroid lineage, vary further during terminal maturation, and are strongly associated with changes in gene expression. In multilineage progenitors, the likely target genes are enriched for hematopoietic growth and functions associated with the mature cells of specific daughter lineages (such as megakaryocytes). In contrast, target genes in erythroblasts are specifically enriched for red cell functions. Furthermore, shifts in TAL1 occupancy during erythroid differentiation are associated with gene repression (dissociation) and induction (co-occupancy with GATA1). Based on both enrichment for transcription factor binding site motifs and co-occupancy determined by ChIP-seq, recruitment by GATA transcription factors appears to be a stronger determinant of TAL1 binding to chromatin than the canonical E-box binding site motif. Studies of additional proteins lead to the model that TAL1 regulates expression after being directed to a distinct subset of genomic binding sites in each cell type via its association with different complexes containing master regulators such as GATA2, ERG, and RUNX1 in multilineage cells and the lineage-specific master regulator GATA1 in erythroblasts. Combined ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data in six mouse cell types representing a progression from multilineage precursors to differentiated erythroblasts and megakaryocytes.

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