High rate triggers increased atrial release of BMP10, a biomarker for atrial fibrillation and stroke, and BMP10 affects ventricular cardiomyocytes
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens
PROVIDER: GSE306533 | GEO | 2025/10/14
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Background: Genomic and experimental studies suggest a role for PITX2 in atrial fibrillation (AF). To assess whether this association is relevant for recurrent AF in patients, we tested whether left atrial PITX2 affects recurrent AF after AF ablation. Methods: mRNA concentrations of PITX2 and its cardiac isoform, PITX2c, were quantified in left atrial appendages (LAA) from patients undergoing thoracoscopic AF ablation, either in whole LAA tissue (n=83) or in LAA cardiomyocytes (n=52), and combined with clinical parameters to predict AF recurrence. Literature suggests bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) as a PITX2-repressed, atrial-specific, secreted protein. BMP10 plasma concentrations were combined with eleven cardiovascular biomarkers and clinical parameters to predict recurrent AF after catheter ablation in 359 patients. Results: Reduced cardiomyocyte PITX2 concentrations, but not whole LAA tissue PITX2, were associated with AF recurrence after thoracoscopic AF ablation (16% decreased recurrence per 2-(ΔΔCt) increase in PITX2). RNA sequencing, qPCR and Western blotting confirmed BMP10 as one of most PITX2-repressed atrial genes. Left atrial size (hazard ratio per mm increase, HR [95%CI] 1.055 [1.028, 1.082], non-paroxysmal AF (HR 1.672 [1.206, 2.318]) and elevated BMP10 (HR 1.339 [CI 1.159, 1.546] per quartile increase) were predictive of recurrent AF. BMP10 outperformed eleven other cardiovascular biomarkers in predicting recurrent AF. Conclusions: Reduced left atrial cardiomyocyte PITX2 and elevated plasma concentrations of the PITX2-repressed, secreted, atrial protein BMP10 identify patients at risk of recurrent AF after ablation.
2020-06-19 | GSE152181 | GEO
Project description:Background: Cardiomyocytes (CMs) induced from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by traditional methods are a mix of atrial and ventricular CMs and many other non-cardiomyocytes. Retinoic acid (RA) plays an important role in regulation of the spatiotemporal development of the embryonic heart and high concentrations of RA have been shown to steer differentiation towards atrial CMs, whereas lower concentrations of RA promote a more ventricular-like CM profile. Aim: Create engineered heart tissue (EHT) with left and right ventricular phenotype from hiPSCs by intervening with specific concentrations of retinoic acid (RA) during hiPSC differentiation towards CM. Methods: hiPSC were derived by reprogramming skin fibroblasts. Different concentrations of RA (Control group without RA, LRA group with 0.05 µM and HRA group with 0.1 µM) were administered during third to sixth days of the differentiation process. Engineered heart tissues (EHTs) were generated by assembling CMs derived from hiPSC (hiPSC-CM) at high cell density in a low collagen hydrogel. The maturation and growth of EHTs were induced in a customized biomimetic tissue culture system, that provides continuous electrical stimulation, medium agitation and stretch. The function of CMs and EHTs was analyzed under different conditions. Finally, RNA extraction and tissue fixation were performed on CMs and EHTs for RT-qPRC and immunofluorescence staining analysis. RNA sequencing was conducted on EHTs to examine how RA affects both the function and structure of EHT. Results: In the HRA group, hiPSC-CMs exhibited the first onset of beating and showed the highest expression of maturity genes MYH7 and cTnT. The expression of TBX5, NKX2.5 and CORIN, which are the marker genes for left ventricular CMs, was also the highest in the HRA group. The transcription factor MEF2C associated with RA and ventricular development genes, NPPA and MYH7, were highly expressed in the HRA group, while GATA4 was less expressed in the HRA group. In terms of EHT, the HRA group displayed the highest contraction force, the lowest beating frequency, and the highest sensitivity to hypoxia and isoprenaline, which means it was more functionally similar to the left ventricle. The expression of TBX5 and NKX2.5 was found to be the highest expression in the HRA group of EHT, while expression of TBX20 and ISL1 was found to be the highest expression in control group. When the electrical stimulation frequency of EHT in the HRA group was raised, it correspondingly increased its contractile force. The heightened contractility of EHT within the HRA group can be attributed to the promotion of augmented extracellular matrix strength by RA. Conclusion: By interfering with the differentiation process of hiPSC with a specific concentration of RA at a specific time, we were able to successfully induce CMs and EHT with a phenotype similar to that of the left ventricle or right ventricle. Our research paved the way for future studies on in vitro left ventricular or right ventricular function, personalized drug screening, and precision medicine.
2023-10-25 | GSE245954 | GEO
Project description:Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is occasionally associated with cardiac developmental defects, but causal relationships are poorly defined. Importantly, functional compensation for developmental defects may mask increased risk of arrhythmia in adults. Here, we deleted 9 amino acids (Δ9) within a highly conserved A-band region of titin, a giant protein that serves as a molecular spring in cardiomyocytes, in both zebrafish and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-aCMs). We find that the cardiac morphology of ttnaΔ9/Δ9 homozygous zebrafish embryos is perturbed and accompanied by reduced functional output, but ventricular function recovers within a few days of embryonic development, with most embryos reaching adulthood. Despite normal ventricular function, ttnaΔ9/Δ9 adults exhibit AF and atrial cardiomyopathy, with a striking absence of fibrosis, and these findings are recapitulated in TTNΔ9/Δ9-hiPSC-aCMs. Electrophysiological and proteomics analyses reveal atrial action potential shortening and increased expression and function of the cardiac potassium channel Kv7.1 and the slow delayed rectifier potassium current (IKs). Pharmacological suppression of IKs in both models prevents AF and improves atrial contractility. Collectively, these findings reveal how a small internal deletion in a large structural protein causes developmental abnormalities that functionally recover but increase the risk of adult cardiac disease via ion channel remodeling. The observed rescue with targeted antiarrhythmic therapy may have broader implications for the treatment of patients who harbor disease-causing rare variants in sarcomeric proteins.
2024-08-09 | PXD038300 | Pride
Project description:Sustained atrial tachycardia leads to multiple molecular and cellular effects collectively defined as atrial tachycardia remodeling (ATR). ATR is thought to play a major role in the self-perpetuating nature of atrial fibrillation (AF) and has been a subject of intense research in large mammalian models of AF. Recently, rodents are increasingly used to gain insight on the pathophysiology AF. However, little is known regarding the effects of rapid pacing on the atria of rats and mice mainly due to technical challenges in electrophysiological studies of unanesthetized rodents. Using an implantable device for electrophysiological studies in unanesthetized rodents we examine, on a daily basis, the effects of continuous rapid atrial pacing (RAP) for at least 4 consecutive days on the developed AF substrate of Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL6 mice. AF induction protocol consisted 10 aggressive bursts (20 seconds, double diastolic threshold, 10 ms cycle length [CL]). This protocol failed to induce AF at baseline in both species, but repeatedly induced AF episodes in rats following 2 days of sustained RAP. Microarray study of left atrial tissue from rats exposed for 2 days to RAP (70 ms CL) vs control pacing (140 ms CL) identified 304 differentially expressed genes (155 upregulated and 149 downregulated). Real-time qt-PCR confirmed the validity of the microarray. Enrichment analysis and comparison with a dataset of atrial tissue from AF patients revealed indications of increased carbohydrate metabolism, and changes in pathways that are thought to have critical role in human AF including TGF-beta and IL-6 signaling. Among 19 commonly affected genes in comparison with human AF, downregulation of FOXP1 and upregulation of the KCNK2 gene encoding the Kir2.1 potassium channel were conspicuous finding suggesting NFAT activation. Further results in line with NFAT activation included reduced expression of MIR-26, MIR-101, which were linked to upregulation of the KCNK2 in human AF. Our results demonstrate electrophysiological evidence for AF promoting effects of RAP in rats and some important molecular similarities between the effects of RAP in large and small mammalian models. The effects of atrial tachypacing are well documented in large mammals but very little is know regarding the effects of tacypacing on the rodent atria.
2019-08-01 | GSE126711 | GEO
Project description:Rationale: Pathogenic variants in the gene for T-box transcription factor (TF) 5 (TBX5) cause Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), characterized by congenital heart defects and limb abnormalities. A particular missense variant in TBX5 (G125R) in a Dutch family causes atypical HOS as well as early onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Understanding the effects of such an altered key cardiac TF on the transcription regulatory network and cardiac physiology provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying diseases such as AF. Objective: To determine the in vivo TBX5-G125R-induced changes in the transcriptional regulatory network and epigenetic state underlying the atypical HOS with early onset AF found in an extended pedigree. Methods and Results: We modeled the TBX5-G125R pathogenic variant in vivo in the mouse and found severe cardiac defects and fetal lethality in Tbx5G125R/G125R mice, whereas Tbx5G125R/+ mice were viable and morphologically unaffected. Electrophysiological analysis of adult Tbx5G125R/+ mice revealed variable RR interval, atrial extra systole and susceptibility to AF upon pacing. These characteristics were also observed in the patient family. Additionally, calcium homeostasis as well as conduction were changed in the mutant atrial cardiomyocytes. Single-nucleus transcriptional profiling of right atria revealed the most profound changes in expression in the cardiomyocytes of Tbx5G125R/+ mice. Transcriptional profiling of atrial tissue identified differential expression of over a thousand genes, whereas expression levels of several genes known to respond to Tbx5 insufficiency did not change. Epigenetic profiling revealed shifts in sites associated with acetylated H3K27 as well as in chrom atin accessibility in Tbx5G125R/+ atrial cardiomyocytes indicating Tbx5-G125R has altered DNA binding and TF interaction properties.
2022-02-07 | GSE166971 | GEO
Project description:Rationale: Pathogenic variants in the gene for T-box transcription factor (TF) 5 (TBX5) cause Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), characterized by congenital heart defects and limb abnormalities. A particular missense variant in TBX5 (G125R) in a Dutch family causes atypical HOS as well as early onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Understanding the effects of such an altered key cardiac TF on the transcription regulatory network and cardiac physiology provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying diseases such as AF. Objective: To determine the in vivo TBX5-G125R-induced changes in the transcriptional regulatory network and epigenetic state underlying the atypical HOS with early onset AF found in an extended pedigree. Methods and Results: We modeled the TBX5-G125R pathogenic variant in vivo in the mouse and found severe cardiac defects and fetal lethality in Tbx5G125R/G125R mice, whereas Tbx5G125R/+ mice were viable and morphologically unaffected. Electrophysiological analysis of adult Tbx5G125R/+ mice revealed variable RR interval, atrial extra systole and susceptibility to AF upon pacing. These characteristics were also observed in the patient family. Additionally, calcium homeostasis as well as conduction were changed in the mutant atrial cardiomyocytes. Single-nucleus transcriptional profiling of right atria revealed the most profound changes in expression in the cardiomyocytes of Tbx5G125R/+ mice. Transcriptional profiling of atrial tissue identified differential expression of over a thousand genes, whereas expression levels of several genes known to respond to Tbx5 insufficiency did not change. Epigenetic profiling revealed shifts in sites associated with acetylated H3K27 as well as in chrom atin accessibility in Tbx5G125R/+ atrial cardiomyocytes indicating Tbx5-G125R has altered DNA binding and TF interaction properties.
2022-02-07 | GSE167081 | GEO
Project description:Rationale: Pathogenic variants in the gene for T-box transcription factor (TF) 5 (TBX5) cause Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), characterized by congenital heart defects and limb abnormalities. A particular missense variant in TBX5 (G125R) in a Dutch family causes atypical HOS as well as early onset atrial fibrillation (AF). Understanding the effects of such an altered key cardiac TF on the transcription regulatory network and cardiac physiology provides a unique opportunity to gain insight into the mechanisms underlying diseases such as AF. Objective: To determine the in vivo TBX5-G125R-induced changes in the transcriptional regulatory network and epigenetic state underlying the atypical HOS with early onset AF found in an extended pedigree. Methods and Results: We modeled the TBX5-G125R pathogenic variant in vivo in the mouse and found severe cardiac defects and fetal lethality in Tbx5G125R/G125R mice, whereas Tbx5G125R/+ mice were viable and morphologically unaffected. Electrophysiological analysis of adult Tbx5G125R/+ mice revealed variable RR interval, atrial extra systole and susceptibility to AF upon pacing. These characteristics were also observed in the patient family. Additionally, calcium homeostasis as well as conduction were changed in the mutant atrial cardiomyocytes. Single-nucleus transcriptional profiling of right atria revealed the most profound changes in expression in the cardiomyocytes of Tbx5G125R/+ mice. Transcriptional profiling of atrial tissue identified differential expression of over a thousand genes, whereas expression levels of several genes known to respond to Tbx5 insufficiency did not change. Epigenetic profiling revealed shifts in sites associated with acetylated H3K27 as well as in chrom atin accessibility in Tbx5G125R/+ atrial cardiomyocytes indicating Tbx5-G125R has altered DNA binding and TF interaction properties.
2022-02-07 | GSE166970 | GEO
Project description:Chronic stimulation of cardiac a1A-adrenergic receptors (a1A-ARs) improves symptoms in multiple preclinical models of heart failure. However, the translational significance remains unclear. This study tested the effects of chronic a1A-AR stimulation on human engineered heart tissue (EHT). EHTs were created from thin slices of decellularized pig myocardium seeded with human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts. Using a paired experimental design, EHTs were cultured for 3 wk., mechanically tested, cultured again for 2 wk. with a1A-AR agonist A61603 (10 nM) or vehicle control, and retested after drug washout for 24-hr. Separate control experiments determined the effects of EHT age (3-5 wk.) or repeat mechanical testing. We found that chronic A61603 treatment caused a 25% increase of length-dependent activation (LDA) of contraction compared to vehicle treatment (n=7/group, P=0.035). EHT force was not increased after chronic A61603 treatment. However, after vehicle treatment, EHT force was increased 35% relative to baseline testing (n=7/group, P=0.022), suggesting EHT maturation. Control experiments showed increased EHT force resulted from repeat mechanical testing, not from EHT aging. RNA-seq analysis confirmed the a1A-AR is expressed in human EHTs and found chronic A61603 treatment affected gene expression in biological pathways which are known to be activated by a1A-ARs, including the MAP kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, chronic stimulation of the a1A-AR, a promising preclinical target for treating heart failure, gave mixed results in human EHTs. Chronic a1A-AR stimulation had a positive effect (increased LDA) but potentially, a negative effect (lower EHT force). The translational significance of these findings requires further study.
2023-01-01 | GSE216439 | GEO
Project description:Spontaneous paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) is one of the very common heart rhythm disorders. The molecular mechanisms underlying PAF susceptibility and persistence are multiple and incompletely understood. To study the contribution of microRNAs (miRNAs) to the development and perpetuation of PAF, we used microarray/qPCR analyses to search for changes in miRNA expression in atrial myocardium upon pacing-induced PAF. The miRNA microarray analysis was performed at LC Sciences (Houston, TX, USA). Following screening-microarray, several miRNAs were selected for detailed real-time qPCR assay. Our results suggest that immediate-early miR remodeling of LAA underlies the development and persistence of PAF. A closed-chest model of PAF was established in postnatal pigs via a rapid atrial electrical stimulation with a controlled ventricular response rate. A pacing catheter (delivered into the right atrium via femoral vein access under fluoroscopic guidance) was connected with an external pulse generator for programmed pacing rates. The burst-pacing stimuli were repeated several times, and the induced PAF occurrence rates and durations were recorded. Burst pacing was not performed in sham-operated group. Animals were euthanized 24 hours after cessation of pacing. Given that the right atrium might have been damaged by catheter insertion, we studied miRNA expression changes associated with PAF in the left atrial appendage (LAA) from paced vs control pigs. Six piglet were randomized in two groups, the PAF group (3 replicates) and the sham-control group (3 replicates)
2016-07-03 | E-GEOD-65330 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Understanding how the atrial and ventricular chambers of the heart maintain their distinct identity is a prerequisite for treating chamber-specific diseases. Here, we selectively inactivated the transcription factor Tbx5 in the atrial working myocardium of the neonatal mouse heart to show that it is required to maintain atrial identity. Atrial Tbx5 inactivation downregulated highly chamber specific genes such as Myl7 and Nppa, and increased expression of ventricular identity genes including Myl2. Using combined single nucleus transcriptome and open chromatin profiling, we assessed genomic accessibility changes underlying the altered atrial identity expression program, identifying 1846 genomic loci with greater accessibility in control atrial cardiomyocytes compared to KO aCMs. 69% of the control-enriched ATAC regions were bound by TBX5, demonstrating a role for TBX5 in maintaining genomic accessibility. These regions were associated with genes that had higher expression in control aCMs compared to KO aCMs, suggesting they act as TBX5-dependent enhancers. To confirm this hypothesis we analyzed chromatin looping of enhancers marked by H3K27Ac using HiChIP and found 510 chromatin loops that were sensitive to TBX5 dosage. Of the loops enriched in control aCMs, 73.7% contained anchors in control-enriched ATAC regions. Conversely, Tbx5 overexpression in the ventricular myocardium drove atrial gene expression. Together, these data demonstrate a role for TBX5 in maintaining the atrial gene expression program by binding to atrial enhancers to preserve tissue-specific chromatin architecture. We highlight this phenomenon at major atrial identity genes including Nppa, Bmp10 and Myl7.
2023-08-11 | GSE222579 | GEO