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SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 sustains nuclear condensate-mediated immune activation in plants

ABSTRACT: SIZ1, a major plant SUMO E3 ligase, has diverse roles in development and immunity. Although loss-of-function studies have positioned SIZ1 as a negative immune regulator, the pleiotropic effects of its broad substrate repertoire may obscure its core function. Here we report that SIZ1 overaccumulation unexpectedly triggers robust pro-immune responses and cell death, dependent on its E3 ligase activity. We demonstrate that SIZ1 functionally converges on the MOS4-Associated Complex (MAC), a key immune signaling module, with both SIZ1 and the immune receptor SNC1 recruited to MAC-dependent nuclear condensates (MDNCs) upon pathogen challenge. These condensates serve as essential platforms for potentiating immune activation and cell death. Within the MDNC, SIZ1 promotes SUMOylation and stabilizes MAC components, thereby sustaining MDNC integrity during immune responses. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized pro-immune role for SIZ1 and establish a mechanistic link between SUMOylation, MAC stability, and condensate-mediated immune signaling in plants.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE307237 | GEO | 2025/09/08

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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