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Clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 Influenza A Virus Exhibits High Infectivity in Human Respiratory Tract Models

ABSTRACT: Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b are currently spreading widely among poultry, cattle, and other mammals in the United States, raising concern for zoonotic transmission and pandemic potential. To investigate the pathogenicity and host response of the newly emerged A/Cattle/Texas/063224-24-1/2024 (H5N1b/2024) strain in comparison to reference viruses, we performed bulk RNA sequencing of primary human respiratory models, including ex vivo alveolar lung tissue (aHuLu), organoid-derived bronchial epithelium (brEp), and 3D nasal air-liquid interface epithelium (nALI). Infections were carried out in parallel with H5N1/2004 (clade 1), H3N2/1999 (seasonal influenza A), and H5N8/2016 (low pathogenic avian influenza). Differential gene expression analysis was performed with DESeq2, including donor as a covariate. The dataset provides genome-wide transcriptional profiles at 24 h post-infection, enabling comparative analysis of viral replication, host immune activation, and tissue-specific responses across human respiratory compartments. These data support the use of physiologically relevant primary human models for assessing zoonotic risk of emerging influenza A viruses.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE307315 | GEO | 2026/08/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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