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OCIAD2 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition during mesendoderm specification of human pluripotent stem cells

ABSTRACT: The mitochondrial protein OCIAD2 is misexpressed in several cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. However, insights into its physiological role, particularly in the context of stem cell differentiation, remain unexplored. Our analyses report that OCIAD2 is expressed in undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and is upregulated upon mesendoderm specification. Using bulk transcriptome analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 based OCIAD2 knockout and constitutive OCIAD2 expressing hESC lines, we identify that OCIAD2 modulation does not affect stem cell identity but alters their mesendoderm differentiation potential. Our results highlight that OCIAD2 regulates TGFβ, AKT, BMP signalling pathways to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition during early mesendoderm specification of pluripotent stem cells.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE307502 | GEO | 2026/08/03

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:The realization of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) as a model for human developmental hematopoiesis and potential cell replacement strategies relies on an improved understanding of the extrinsic and intrinsic factors regulating hematopoietic-specific hESC differentiation. Mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells of mesodermal origin that form part of hematopoietic stem cell niches and have an important role in the regulation of hematopoiesis through production of secreted factors and/or cell-to-cell interactions. We have previously shown that hESCs may be successfully maintained feeder-free using hMSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM). Here, we hypothesized that hESCs maintained in MSC-CM may be more prone to differentiation towards hematopoietic lineage than hESCs grown in standard human foreskin fibroblast (HFF)-conditioned media (HFF-CM). We report that specification into hemogenic progenitors and subsequent hematopoietic differentiation and clonogenic progenitor capacity is robustly enhanced in hESC lines maintained in MSC-CM. Interestingly, co-culture of hESCs on hMSCs fully abrogates hematopoietic specification of hESCs suggesting that the improved hematopoietic differentiation is mediated by MSC-secreted factors rather than by MSC-hESC physical interactions. To investigate the molecular mechanism involved in this process, we analyzed global (LINE-1) methylation and genome-wide promoter DNA methylation. Human ESCs grown in MSC-CM showed a decrease of 20% in global DNA methylation and a promoter DNA methylation signature consisting in 45 genes commonly hypomethylated and 102 genes frequently hypermethylated. Our data indicate that maintenance of hESCs in MSC-CM robustly augments hematopoietic specification and that the process seems mediated by MSC-secreted factors conferring a DNA methylation signature to undifferentiated hESCs which may influence further predisposition towards hematopoietic specification. Total DNA isolated by standard procedures from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) cultured in different conditioned media

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OCIAD2 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition during mesendoderm specification of human pluripotent stem cells

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