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Transcriptomics reveals orchestration of larval and juvenile development and metamorphosis in Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma

ABSTRACT: Developmental transitions involve changes in the genetic programs governing molecular processes. Characterizing these genetic programs gives us insight into how genes work to orchestrate developmental transitions in morphology, physiology, or even behavior. One fascinating developmental transition, metamorphosis, bridges larval and juvenile periods. Southern Flounder, a flatfish, is an ideal model system to investigate these developmental states due to dramatic phenotypic changes during metamorphosis. Here, we use transcriptomics to investigate how genetic programs orchestrate larval development, metamorphosis, and juvenile development in Southern Flounder. Our analysis of Southern Flounder transcriptomes comprehensively describes distinct larval and juvenile genetic programs that overlap during metamorphosis. We also describe a third genetic program that peaks during metamorphosis. These results provide insight into molecular orchestration of flatfish and teleost metamorphosis and more generally into how the timing of genetic programs orchestrates metamorphosis. We also propose that these program trajectories can be used to pinpoint timing of metamorphosis in animals with less phenotypically distinct larval and juvenile forms.

ORGANISM(S): Paralichthys lethostigma

PROVIDER: GSE307589 | GEO | 2025/11/14

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:To adapt to its changing dietary environment, the digestive tract is extensively remodeled from the embryo to the adult during vertebrate development. Xenopus laevis metamorphosis is an excellent model system for studying mammalian gastrointestinal development and is used to determine the genes and signaling programs essential for intestinal development and maturation. The metamorphosing intestine can be divided into four distinct developmental time points and these were analyzed with X. laevis microarrays. Due to the high level of conservation in developmental signaling programs and homology to mammalian genes, annotations and bioinformatics analysis were based on human orthologs. Clustering of the expression patterns revealed co-expressed genes involved in essential cell processes such as apoptosis and proliferation. The two largest clusters of genes have expression peaks and troughs at the climax of metamorphosis respectively. Novel conserved gene ontology categories regulated during this period include transcriptional activity, signal transduction, and metabolic processes. Interestingly, the induced genes associated with metamorphic climax correlated with the gene expression peaks observed around birth in the mouse intestine. Thus both mouse and amphibian, share similarities at the molecular levels for intestinal maturation and remodeling, which appears to be under the influence of increasing levels of circulating thyroid hormone. Moreover, our genome-wide analysis of the intestine during development identified larval/embryo- and adult-specific genes. Detailed analysis revealed 17 larval specific genes that may represent molecular markers for human colonic cancers, while many adult specific genes are associated with dietary enzymes. This global developmental expression study provides the first detailed molecular description of intestinal remodeling and maturation during postembryonic development, which should help improve our understanding of intestinal organogenesis and human diseases. This study significantly contributes towards our understanding of the dynamics of molecular regulation during development and tissue renewal, which is important for future basic and clinical research and for medicinal applications. Time series experiment through natural metamorphosis of intestine in Xenopus laevis. Biological replicates: 3 replicates for each stage of major change during amphibian metamorphosis (except in the climax where 2 bioogical replicates were used). Universal reference design was used instead of dye-swap design for 2-color hybridizations.

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Transcriptomics reveals orchestration of larval and juvenile development and metamorphosis in Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma

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