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Phloem proteomics to identify small Open Reading Frame (sORF)-encoded peptides with a putative role in the control of flowering time in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Phloem sap proteomic studies have previously revealed that phloem sap composition varies during development and upon floral induction. Specific proteins, lipids, messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and peptides have been shown to accumulate in different developmental stages. Peptides are of special interest since they have the potential to act as regulatory molecules controlling plant responses to environmental changes, such as salinity and water stress, plant-microbe interactions, and developmental changes. In this context, we have characterised Arabidopsis phloem exudates to identify proteins and peptides with potential to control flowering time, acting as signals fine tuning plant development. In this work, we present the proteomic profiles of the phloem sap samples during floral transition along with the identification of interesting proteins and peptides that could have a role in the control of flowering. Among those, we have described the abundance pattern of the sORF1511 peptide in the phloem sap, which varies upon floral induction. We show that sORF1511 overexpression affects bolting time and alters the expression of several genes involved in the control of flowering time.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE309559 | GEO | 2026/03/16

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Optimised flowering time is an important trait ensuring successful plant adaptation and crop productivity. SOC1-like genes encode MADS transcription factors known to play important roles in flowering control in many plants. This includes the best characterised eudicot model Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) where SOC1 promotes flowering and functions as a floral integrator gene integrating signals from different flowering time regulatory pathways. Medicago truncatula (Medicago) is a temperate reference legume with strong genomic and genetic resources used to study flowering pathways in legumes. Interestingly, despite responding to the similar floral-inductive cues of extended cold (vernalisation) followed by warm long days, as winter annual Arabidopsis, Medicago lacks FLC and CO which are key regulators of flowering in Arabidopsis. Unlike Arabidopsis with one SOC1 gene, multiple gene duplication events have given rise to three MtSOC1 paralogs within the Medicago genus in legumes; one Fabaceae group A SOC1 gene, MtSOC1a, and two tandemly-repeated Fabaceae group B SOC1 genes, MtSOC1b and MtSOC1c. Previously, we showed that MtSOC1a has unique functions in floral promotion in Medicago. The Mtsoc1a Tnt1 retroelement insertion single mutant showed moderately delayed flowering in long and short day photoperiods, with and without prior vernalization, compared with wild type. On the other hand, Mtsoc1b Tnt1 single mutants did not have altered flowering time or flower development, indicating that it was redundant in an otherwise wild type background. Here, we describe the generation of Mtsoc1 triple mutant plants by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Two independent Mtsoc1 homozygous triple mutants were non-flowering and bushy in floral inductive VLD. Phenotyping and gene expression analyses by RNA-seq and RT-qPCR indicate that the Mtsoc1 triple mutants remain vegetative. Thus overall, the Mtsoc1 triple mutants are dramatically different from the single Mtsoc1a mutant and the Arabidopsis soc1 mutant; implicating multiple MtSOC1 genes in critical overlapping roles in the transition to flowering in Medicago.

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Phloem proteomics to identify small Open Reading Frame (sORF)-encoded peptides with a putative role in the control of flowering time in Arabidopsis

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