ABSTRACT: In recent years, a critical clinical problem that cannot be ignored is the incidence of venous thrombosis gradually increasing. Although many animal models of thrombosis have been established, the complex mechanism of thrombosis has not been elucidated. We successfully established a new animal model of venous thrombosis by infrared-pulse laser selectively targeting damage to the venous endothelium of zebrafish tail, resulting in the aggregation of red blood cells and platelets at the site of injury, forming a thrombus, like the formation of thrombi caused by damaged human venous endothelium. o-Dianisidine staining showed increased hemoglobin density at the injury site and decreased hemoglobin density at the heart site. Utilizing laser microdissection technology, we targeted the acquisition of localized thrombus cell clusters for high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. The data were further analyzed through gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), with the transcriptome data being examined against backgrounds of GO, KEGG, Reactome, and WP databases. Combining these analyses with molecular biology techniques such as RT-qPCR, WISH, and Western Blot, we observed that, compared to the normal group, macrophages were activated, and erythrocyte differentiation was more vigorous post-thrombus formation. Signaling pathways related to cell adhesion and leukocyte migration were activated, and the expression of inflammatory cytokines increased. Notably, IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased at the thrombus site, while other cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-10, P-selectin, STAT3, phosphorylated STAT3, p65, and phosphorylated p65 were major players in the inflammatory response during venous thrombosis. The venous thrombosis model established in this study allows a high degree of visualization of thrombosis and provides a feasible and powerful protocol for studying the mechanism of thrombosis. This study may serve as a new venous thrombosis model for exploring the detailed kinetics and underlying mechanisms of thrombosis formation.
