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VERNALIZATION-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 2 (VIL2) and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) act together to suppress anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis

ABSTRACT: Anthocyanins are a group of secondary metabolites that protect plants from many environmental challenges such as UV light, cold, salt, and pathogens attack. Meanwhile, high temperature was reported to decrease anthocyanin biosynthesis. However, molecular mechanisms on how high temperature negatively modulate anthocyanin accumulation is not fully understood. In this study, we report that VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE1 (VIL2) takes part in anthocyanin metabolism by epigenetic suppression of HY5 as well as downstream biosynthetic genes in Arabidopsis plants. Compared to Col-0 and hy5-215 mutant, knock-out mutant of VIL2, vil2-1 exhibited higher accumulation of anthocyanins at high temperature. Transcriptome analysis between Col-0 and vil2-1 also exhibited that anthocyanin biosynthesis was most significantly affected in vil2-1 mutants. Interestingly, PRC2-mediated H3K27me3 was significantly impaired in vil2-1 mutant compared to level of Col-0. It suggested that VIL2 might be involved in the recruitment of PRC2 complex onto a set of target genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis. As a result, expressions of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes were de-repressed in vil2-1 mutant in comparison to Col-0. Analysis of genome-wide H3K27me3 profile indicated that PAP1/MYB75 and TT8/bHLH42 were greatly enriched with H3K27me3, indicating that these upstream regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis is tightly controlled by chromatin regulator, PRC2 in Arabidopsis plants. ChIP-qPCR analysis showed that VIL2 directly binds to promoter region of PAP1/MYB75 and TT8/bHLH42. Overall, our study demonstrated that VIL2-mediated enrichment of H3K27me3 contribute to reduction of anthocyanins at high temperature suppress in Arabidopsis.

ORGANISM(S): Arabidopsis thaliana

PROVIDER: GSE311992 | GEO | 2026/01/31

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background: Anthocyanins are the most important compounds for nutritional quality and economic values of blood orange. However, there are few reports on the pre-harvest treatment accelerate the accumulation of anthocyanins in postharvest blood orange fruit. Here, we performed a comparative Transcriptome and metabolomics analysis to elucidate the underlying mechanism involved in seasonal drought (SD) treatment during fruit expansion stage on anthocyanin accumulation in postharvest ‘Tarocco’ blood orange fruit. Results: Our results showed that SD treatment slowed down the fruit enlargement and increased the sugar accumulation during fruit development and matured period. Obviously, under SD treatment, the accumulation of anthocyanin in blood orange fruit during postharvest storage was significantly accelerated and markedly higher than that in CK. Meanwhile, the total flavonoids and phenols contents and antioxidant activity in SD treatment fruit were also sensibly increased during postharvest storage. Based on metabolome, we found that substrates required for anthocyanin biosynthesis, such as amino acids and their derivatives, and phenolic acids, have significantly accumulated and higher in SD treated mature fruit compared with that of CK. Further according to the results of transcriptome data and weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis (WGCNA) analysis, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL3) was considered key structural gene. qRT-PCR analysis verified that the PAL3 was highly expressed in SD treated postharvest stored fruit and was significantly positively correlated with the anthocyanin content. Moreover, we found that other structural genes in anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were also upregulated under SD treatment through transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis. Conclusions: The findings suggest that SD treatment promotes the accumulation of substrates necessary for anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit ripening process, and activates the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway genes during postharvest storage period, especially PAL3, co-contributed to the rapid accumulation of anthocyanin. The present study provides a theoretical basis for postharvest quality control and water-saving utilization of blood orange fruit.

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VERNALIZATION-INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE 2 (VIL2) and PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) act together to suppress anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis

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