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Effect of zinc supplementation on gene expression of Rhizopus arrhizus NCCPF 710004

ABSTRACT: Rhizopus arrhizus is the predominant causative agent of mucormycosis worldwide. During COVID-19 pandemic, an upsurge of this disease was noted in many countries including India. Many clinical/epidemiological studies reported that the excessive intake of nutritional supplements, especially that of zinc, owing to self-medication and over-prescription, was one of the risk factors for the emergence of Covid-19 associated mucormycosis. However, the experimental evidence remains limited. This study evaluates the changes in gene expression of Rhizopus arrhizus upon culturing under zinc-enriched conditions.

ORGANISM(S): Rhizopus arrhizus

PROVIDER: GSE312189 | GEO | 2025/12/02

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Mucormycosis is an increasingly common, life-threatening fungal infection caused by fungi belonging to the subphylum Mucormycotina, order Mucorales. The major risk factors for mucormycosis include uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, treatment with corticosteroids, organ or bone marrow transplantation, neutropenia, trauma and burns, malignant hematological disorders, and deferoxamine-therapy in patients receiving hemodialysis. Amphotericin B (AmB) remains the only antifungal agent approved for the treatment of invasive mucormycosis. Because fungi belonging to the mucorales order are relatively resistant to AmB, high doses are required, which frequently causes nephrotoxicity and other adverse effects. In the absence of surgical removal of the infected focus (such as excision of the eye in patients with rhinocerebral mucormycosis), antifungal therapy alone is rarely curative. Even when surgical debridement is combined with high-dose AmB, the mortality associated with mucor¬mycosis is >50%. In patients with prolonged neutropenia or disseminated disease, mortality is 90-100%. Rhizopus oryzae is by far the most common organism isolated from patients with mucormycosis, and is responsible for approximately 70% of all cases of mucormycosis. Recent epidemiological data collected from transplant centers have demonstrated a striking increase in the number of reported cases of mucormycosis. Furthermore, mucormycosis outbreaks are also known to follow natural disasters as was the case following the tsunami that devastated Indonesia in 2004 and the tornadoes that destroyed Joplin, Missouri in June 2011. Hence, there exists a large impetus to identify particular virulence factors and biomarkers associated with mucormycosis, which would lead to a rational approach to develop new antifungals and vaccines to prevent deaths specifically due to mucormycosis. In order to better understand the complex nature of the host pathogen interaction during mucormycosis, we performed dual species RNA-seq on 5 different Mucorales strains during in vitro infection of endothelial or epithelial cells.

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Effect of zinc supplementation on gene expression of Rhizopus arrhizus NCCPF 710004

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