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Global impact of protein arginine phosphorylation on the physiology of Bacillus subtilis

ABSTRACT: Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important and ubiquitous protein modification in all living cells. We report that protein arginine phosphorylation plays a physiological significant role for the regulation of protein activity. We detected 121 arginine phospho-sites for 87 proteins in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis in vivo. Moreover, we provide evidences that arginine phosphorylations are involved in the fine-tuned signal transduction of many critical cellular processes, such as protein degradation, motility, competence, stringent and stress response. Our results suggest that in B. subtilis the activity of a protein arginine phosphatase allows a fast regulation of protein activity by protein arginine kinases and that protein arginine phosphorylations play an important role as a reversible post-translational modification in bacteria.

ORGANISM(S): Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168

PROVIDER: GSE31249 | GEO | 2012/04/01

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA146059

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Global impact of protein arginine phosphorylation on the physiology of Bacillus subtilis

Project description:Reversible protein phosphorylation is an important and ubiquitous protein modification in all living cells. We report that protein arginine phosphorylation plays a physiological significant role for the regulation of protein activity. We detected 121 arginine phospho-sites for 87 proteins in the Gram-positive model organism Bacillus subtilis in vivo. Moreover, we provide evidences that arginine phosphorylations are involved in the fine-tuned signal transduction of many critical cellular processes, such as protein degradation, motility, competence, stringent and stress response. Our results suggest that in B. subtilis the activity of a protein arginine phosphatase allows a fast regulation of protein activity by protein arginine kinases and that protein arginine phosphorylations play an important role as a reversible post-translational modification in bacteria. Cells were grown under vigorous agitation at 37 M-BM-0C in a defined medium (StM-CM-<lke et al., 1993, J Gen Microbiol 139, 2041-2045). Samples were taken at OD500 0.4 and 1h upon entry into stationary phase. Microarray hybridizations were performed with RNA from three biological replicates. The individual samples were labeled with Cy5; a reference pool containing equal amounts of RNA from all 10 samples was labeled with Cy3.

2012-03-31 | E-GEOD-31249 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Spectral library based analysis of arginine phosphorylations in Staphylococcus aureus

Project description:Reversible protein phosphorylation is one of the major mechanisms in the regulation of protein expression and protein activity, controlling physiological functions of the important human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Phosphorylations at serine, threonine and tyrosine are known to influence for example protein activity in central metabolic pathways and the more energy-rich phosphorylations at histidine, aspartate or cysteine can be found as part of two component system sensor domains or mediating bacterial virulence. In addition to these well-known phosphorylations, the phosphorylation at arginine residues plays an essential role. Hence, the deletion mutant S. aureus COL ΔptpB (protein tyrosine phosphatase B) was studied since the protein PtpB is assumed to be an arginine phosphatase. A gel-free approach was applied to analyse the changes in the phosphoproteome of the deletion mutant ΔptpB and the wild type in growing cells, thereby focusing on the occurrence of phosphorylation on arginine residues. In order to enhance the reliability of identified phosphorylation sites at arginine residues, a subset of arginine phosphorylated peptides was chemically synthesised. Combined spectral libraries based on phosphoenriched samples, synthetic arginine phosphorylated peptides and classical proteome samples provide a sophisticated tool for the analysis of arginine phosphorylations. This way, 212 proteins phosphorylated on serine, threonine, tyrosine or arginine residues were identified within the mutant ∆ptpB and 102 in wild type samples. Among them, 207 arginine phosphosites were identified exclusively within the mutant ∆ptpB, widely distributed along the whole bacterial metabolism. This identification of putative targets of PtpB allows further investigation of the physiological relevance of arginine phosphorylations and provides the basis for reliable quantification of arginine phosphorylations in bacteria.

2017-12-06 | PXD007167 | Pride

Arginine phosphorylation during spore germination in bacteria

Project description:Arginine phosphorylation, an emerging protein modification, has been lately described to occur in B. subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. The kinase responsible for arginine phosphorylation in B. subtilis was shown to be McsB, which counteracts the protein arginine phosphatase YwlE. Here we demonstrate that YwlE drives the progression of spore germination by dephosphorylating arginine phospho-sites of target proteins involved in key cellular processes.

2022-03-02 | PXD011082 | Pride

Extensive arginine phosphorylation in Staphylococcus aureus is influences by Stp1

Project description:Ever since the identification of the first protein-arginine kinase, McsB, in B. subtilis arginine phosphorylation gained more attention. However, the analysis of phosphorylations especially phosphormaidates comes along with several challenges. The sub-stoichiometric nature of protein phosphorylation requires proper enrichment strategies prior to LC-MS/MS analysis and the acid instability of phosphoramidates was long though to impede those enrichments. Further good spectral quality is required which can be reduced by the presence of neutral losses of phosphoric acid upon higher energy collision induced dissociation. Adaptation of common enrichment strategies to less acidic conditions and the use of electron-transfer dissociation allowed the identification of more than 200 pArg sites in B. subtilis and S. aureus so far. Here we show that pArg is stable enough for commonly used Fe3+-IMAC enrichment followed by LC-MS/MS and that HCD is still the gold standard for phosphoproteomics. By profiling a serine/ threonine kinase (Stk1) and phosphatase (Stp1) mutant from a methicillin-resistant S. aureus mutant library, we identified 1062 pArg sites and thus the most comprehensive arginine phosphoproteome to date. Using synthetic phosphoarginine peptides we validated the presence and localization of arginine phosphorylation in S. aureus and lastly, we could show that Stp1 is influencing the arginine phosphoproteom without being a protein-arginine phosphatase.

2022-06-09 | PXD026981 | Pride

Chasing protein arginine phosphorylation: development of a selective enrichment method using a trapping mutant phosphatase

Project description:Proof-of-principle pull-down experiments using a YwlE trapping mutant phosphatase to selective capture arginine phosphorylated proteins. Phosphoarginine is an acid labile protein modification that was demonstrated to exist in bacteria and probably also in higher eukaryotes. Due to the high abundance of Ser, Thr, and Tyr modification, specific enrichment of this type of phosphorylation is required to detect this modification in complex samples and distinguish them from other protein phosphorylations. For this purpose, the phosphoarginine-specific phosphatase YwlE (G.stearothermophilus) was modified by introduction of mutations in catalytically-active amino acids C9 and D118, as well as the surface residue F39. The efficiency of these mutants to enrich arginine phosphorylated proteins from B. subtilis cell extracts was tested in comparison to a shotgun phosphoproteomics approach. Phosphatase trapping mutants were expressed in E.coli with a C-terminal histidine-tag. B.subtilis ywle cultures were grown in LB medium and heat shocked to induce arginine phosphorylation by the protein arginine kinase McsB. Cells were lysed under native conditions and incubated with the trapping mutant. Phosphorylated proteins were enriched by Ni2+/NTA chromatography to isolate the trapping mutant and bound substrates. Sample were prepared for bottom up proteomic analysis by reduction of disulfides, subsequent alkylation of free cysteines and tryptic digestion on the beads. Phosphopeptides were enriched from the resulting peptide mixtures using an optimized TiO2-based enrichment protocol and subsequently submitted to LC-MS/MS analysis.

2014-05-19 | PXD000560 | Pride

Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168

Project description:Global impact of protein arginine phosphorylation on the physiology of Bacillus subtilis

| PRJNA146059 | ENA

Toward the quantitative characterization of arginine phosphorylations in Staphylococcus aureus

Project description:The Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus plays an important role as an opportunistic pathogen and causative agent of nosocomial infections. As research gained insight into host specific adaptation and a broad range of virulence mechanisms, S. aureus evolved as a model organism for human pathogens. Hence, the investigation of staphylococcal proteome expression and regulation supports the understanding of the pathogenicity and relevant physiology of this organism. This study focused on the analysis of protein regulation by reversible protein phosphorylation, in particular on arginine residues. Therefore, both proteome and phosphoproteome of S. aureus COL wild type were compared with the arginine phosphatase deletion mutant S. aureus COL ΔptpB under control and stress conditions in a quantitative manner. A gel-free approach, adapted to the special challenges of arginine phosphorylation, was applied to analyze the phosphoproteome of exponential growing cells after oxidative stress caused by sublethal concentrations of H2O2. Together with phenotypic characterization of S. aureus COL ΔptpB, this study disclosed first insights into the physiological role of arginine phosphorylations in Gram positive pathogens. The spectral library based quantification of phosphopeptides finally allowed to link arginine phosphorylation to staphylococcal oxidative stress response, amino acid metabolism and virulence.

2018-10-29 | PXD009874 | Pride

RIPK1 dephosphorylation and kinase activation by PPP1R3G/PP1γ promote apoptosis and necroptosis

Project description:Receptor-interacting protein kinase 1(RIPK1) is a key regulator of inflammation and cell death. Many sites on RIPK1, including serine 25, are phosphorylated to inhibit its kinase activity and cell death. How these inhibitory phosphorylation sites are dephosphorylated is poorly understood. Using a sensitized CRISPR whole genome knockout screen, we discover that protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3G (PPP1R3G) is required for RIPK1-dependent apoptosis and necroptosis. Mechanistically, PPP1R3G recruits its catalytic subunit protein phosphatase 1 gamma (PP1g) to Complex I to remove inhibitory phosphorylations of RIPK1. A PPP1R3G mutant which does not bind PP1g fails to rescue RIPK1 activation and cell death. Furthermore, chemical prevention of RIPK1 inhibitory phosphorylations or mutation of serine 25 of RIPK1 to alanine largely restores cell death in PPP1R3G-knockout cells. Finally, Ppp1r3g-/- mice are protected from tumor necrosis factor-induced systemic inflammatory response syndrome, confirming the important role of PPP1R3G in regulating apoptosis and necroptosis in vivo.

2021-10-26 | GSE176422 | GEO

Bead-based kinase phosphorylation profiling identifies SRC as a therapeutic target in glioblastoma

Project description:Here we describe a bead-based method capable of profiling tyrosine kinase phosphorylations in a multiplexed, high-throughput and low-cost manner. This approach allows for the discovery of tyrosine kinase-activating events, even when the DNA sequence is wild-type. In an effort to pilot the establishment of a tyrosine kinase activation catalog, we profiled tyrosine phosphorylation levels of 62 tyrosine kinases in 130 human cancer lines, and followed-up on the frequent SRC phosphorylation in glioblastoma. Keywords: quantitative measurements of tyrosine phosphorylation levels on tyrosine kinases Total protein lysates were collected from 130 cancer cell lines. Tyrosine phosphorylation levels on 62 tyrosine kinases were measured with the bead assay.

2010-06-24 | E-GEOD-13808 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Tumor intrinsic PRMT5 inhibition through MTAP loss predicts response to the first-in-class type I PRMT inhibitor, GSK3368715

Project description:Type I Protein Arginine Methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze asymmetric dimethylation of arginine (ADMA) residues on numerous protein substrates to modulate their activity. Type I PRMTs and many of their substrates have been implicated in human cancers, suggesting that inhibiting Type I PRMT activity offers a tractable approach for therapeutic intervention. The current report describes GSK3368715 (EPZ019997), a potent, reversible Type I PRMT inhibitor with anti-tumor activity against human cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. GSK3368715 reduces ADMA on numerous substrates and concomitantly increases monomethyl (MMA) and symmetric dimethyl arginine (SDMA) levels. Inhibition of PRMT5, the major type II PRMT, attenuates this induction and produces synergistic antiproliferative effects in combination with GSK3368715 in cancer cells. PRMT5 activity is inhibited by 2-methylthioadenosine (MTA), a naturally occurring metabolite that accumulates in tumor cells deficient for the enzyme Methylthioadenosine Phosphorylase (MTAP). MTAP deletion in cancer cell lines correlates with sensitivity to GSK3368715, indicating a sufficient degree of PRMT5 inhibition from MTA accumulation to achieve a tumor cell-intrinsic combination. These data provide the rationale to explore MTAP status as a biomarker strategy for patient selection to maximize the anti-tumor activity of GSK3368715.

2019-08-15 | GSE126651 | GEO

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