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Distinct DNA Methylation Changes Following A Superset And Repeated Sprint Training Intervention In Youth Male Basketball Players: A Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Study

ABSTRACT: Understanding the process of adaptation remains a key challenge for strength coaches to enhance athletic performance in basketball players. While physical improvements are commonly used to track progress, these adaptations are underpinned by tightly regulated molecular changes within skeletal muscle. Among these, DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that modulates gene expression in response to training and may play a pivotal role in driving adaptations. This study investigated genome-wide DNA methylation changes following two distinct 30-min, high-intensity basketball-specific interventions, Superset (SS) and Repeated Sprint Training (RST), in youth basketball players. Sixty-six male basketball players (U-13 to U-18) were randomized into SS (N=32) or RST (N=30) groups. Both completed 30-minute weekly sessions for 8 weeks alongside regular basketball training. Saliva samples collected pre- and post-intervention were analysed using Illumina 900K (EPIC v2) microarray. Differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were identified using linear modelling (FDR < 0.05). Biological relevance was further assessed using a Δβ threshold of 0.1. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis (Metascape) was conducted to identify biological pathways potentially modified by the intervention. SS and RST resulted in 112 and 308 DMPs (76 and 73% hypomethylation), respectively, alongside performance improvements. Methylation changes did not reach biological significance threshold (Δβ<0.1). Enrichment analysis for SS identified mTOR, PI3K-Akt and cAMP signalling pathways, whereas enrichment for RST identified VEGF, IGF receptor, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, NF-κB and TGF-β signalling pathways While the magnitude of methylation change (Δβ) was below the threshold commonly considered biologically significant, the presence of DMPs, alongside performance improvements, demonstrated epigenetic changes after high-intensity, 8-week interventions (SS or RST), with enrichment analysis indicating distinct molecular pathways engaged by each training type.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE312992 | GEO | 2026/08/27

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background While smoking is known to associate with development of multiple diseases, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Tobacco smoking can modify the chemical integrity of DNA leading to changes in transcriptional activity, partly through an altered epigenetic state. We aimed to investigate the impact of smoking on lung cells collected from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). Methods We profiled changes in DNA methylation (5mC) and its oxidized form hydroxymethylation (5hmC) using conventional bisulfite (BS) treatment and oxidative bisulfite treatment with Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip, and examined gene expression by RNA-seq in healthy smokers. Findings We identified 1,667 BS methyl (5mC+5hmC), 1,756 5mC and 67 5hmC differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between smokers and nonsmokers (FDR <0.05, absolute Δβ >0.15). Both 5mC DMPs and to a lesser extent BS methyl (5mC+5hmC) were predominantly hypomethylated. In contrast, almost all 5hmC DMPs were hypermethylated, supporting the hypothesis that smoking-associated oxidative stress can lead to DNA demethylation, via the established sequential oxidation of which 5hmC is the first step. While we confirmed differential methylation of previously reported smoking-associated BS methyl CpGs using former generations of BeadChips in alveolar macrophages, the large majority of identified DMPs, BS methyl (1,639/1,667), 5mC (1,738/1,756), and 5hmC (67/67), have not been previously reported. Most of these novel smoking-associating sites are specific to the EPIC BeadChip and, interestingly, many of them are associated to FANTOM5 enhancers. Transcriptional changes affecting 633 transcripts were consistent with DNA methylation profiles and converged to alteration of genes involved in migration, signaling and inflammatory response of immune cells. Interpretation Collectively, these findings suggest that tobacco smoke exposure epigenetically modifies BAL cells, possibly involving a continuous active demethylation and subsequent increased activity of inflammatory processes in the lungs. -

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Distinct DNA Methylation Changes Following A Superset And Repeated Sprint Training Intervention In Youth Male Basketball Players: A Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Study

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