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Drought and salinity stress remodel Asian rice (Oryza sativa) leaf development through cell-type specific regulatory programs

ABSTRACT: Osmotic stressors impair tissue expansion and slow crop development, which can ultimately reduce yield. The mechanisms through which dividing and differentiating cells perceive, integrate, and respond to stress are not well understood. To explore this knowledge gap, we assessed Asian rice (Oryza sativa) seedling responses to drought and salinity stress by performing single-nucleus transcriptome analyses on developing leaves and by assaying ion distribution using ICP-MS and CoroNa Green staining. With a dataset of >125,000 high-quality nuclei, we identified transcriptome signatures of developmental trajectories for each of the major tissue systems, from their origin as dividing cells in the shoot apical meristem to mature cells in epidermal, mesophyll, and vascular tissues. We explored the extensive heterogeneity between cell types with respect to their responses to stress by developing an ensemble-based Perturbation Index and a tool for visualizing pseudobulk expression data and characterizing regulatory modules for different stress responses. Transcriptionally, moderate stress perturbs cells early in development and induces regulatory networks that inhibit cell division, whereas mild stressors primarily disrupt gene expression in differentiated tissues. Overall, these results indicate that leaf development occurring in salt and drought stress conditions are the product of complex interplay of developmental, environmental, and cell-type contexts.

ORGANISM(S): Oryza sativa

PROVIDER: GSE313726 | GEO | 2026/06/22

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:To better undersand the effects of drought stress on wheat developing seeds, the transcription profile of early developing wheat seeds under control and drought stress conditions were comparatively analyzed by using the Affymetrix wheat geneChip. Drought stress is a major yield-limiting factor for wheat. Wheat yields are particularly sensitive to drought stress during reproductive development. Early seed development stage is an important determinant of seed size, one of the yield components. We specifically examined the impact of drought stress imposed during postzygotic early seed development in wheat. We imposed a short-term drought stress on plants with day-old seeds and observed that even a short-duration drought stress significantly reduced the size of developing seeds as well as mature seeds. Drought stress delayed the developmental transition from syncytial to cellularized stage of endosperm. Coincident with reduced seed size and delayed endosperm development, a subset of genes associated with cytoskeleton organization was misregulated in developing seeds under drought-stressed. Several genes linked to hormone pathways were also differentially regulated in response to drought stress in early seeds. Notably, drought stress strongly repressed the expression of wheat storage protein genes such as gliadins, glutenins and avenins as early as 3 days after pollination. Our results provide new insights on how some of the early seed developmental events are impacted by water stress, and the underlying molecular pathways that can possibly impact both grain size and quality in wheat. Winter wheat cultivar Redland, PI 502907 (Triticum aestivum L.) was used for this study. Seedlings were vernalized at 4°C for 6 weeks and then transplanted to a one gallon pot of soil-sand mixture (3:1, v/v) and grown in a growth chamber under the following conditions: relative humidity, 50–70%; 16-h light/8-h dark photoperiod; 21°C daytime temperature and 18°C nights. Plants were watered regularly twice daily at the rate of 100ml/ per pot. Because, wheat has an asynchronous fertilization pattern for ovlues in the inflorescence, each floret needs to be specifically marked for timing the fertilization and stress induction. After spikes developed, unfertilized ovules were monitored and observed for the fertilization process. Closed wheat spikes with anthers outside were marked as fertilized. Drought stress was imposed 24h after the fertilization (HAF). Drought stress treatment was initiated by discontinuing watering on the drought treatment plants while control plants were regularly watered twice daily. Stress treatment was applied at 48 HAF and relieved at 96 HAF. The microarray study focuses on 24 HAF to 72 HAF in control and drought stress conditions. We started to impose drought stress 24HAF.

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Drought and salinity stress remodel Asian rice (Oryza sativa) leaf development through cell-type specific regulatory programs

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