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Nuclear FGF2, Androgen Receptor and Wnt Pathway Activation Define a Targetable Subset of Antiprogestin-Resistant Luminal Breast Cancer

ABSTRACT: We used PR+ T47D and T47D‑YA cell lines engineered to overexpress FGF2 to investigate FGF2‑driven antiprogestin resistance. Transcriptome profiling, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and in vivo assays were performed to assess hormone receptor expression, pathway alterations, and therapeutic response. We evaluated nuclear androgen receptor (AR) and FGF2 in luminal breast cancer specimens. RNA-seq showed that FGF2 overexpression dysregulated Wnt signaling, downregulated estrogen receptor (ER) and PR, and upregulated AR expression. PR isoform B (PRB) predominated over isoform A, consistent with an antiprogestin-resistant phenotype. FGF2-overexpressing xenografts showed antiprogestin resistance, increased proliferation, and lung metastasis. AR and Wnt pathway blockade impaired tumor growth, and combined treatment further reduced tumor and metastatic burden. In clinical samples, nuclear FGF2 correlated with elevated AR levels in ER+PR− and PRB-high tumors.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE315149 | GEO | 2026/04/01

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Major roadblocks to developing effective progesterone receptor (PR)-targeted therapies in breast cancer include the lack of highly-specific PR modulators, a poor understanding of the pro- or anti-tumorigenic networks for PR isoforms and ligands, and an incomplete understanding of the cross talk between PR and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Through genomic analyses of xenografts treated with various clinically-relevant ER and PR-targeting drugs, we describe how the activation or inhibition of PR differentially reprograms estrogen signaling, resulting in the segregation of transcriptomes into separate PR agonist and antagonist-mediated groups. These findings address an ongoing controversy regarding the clinical utility of PR agonists and antagonists, alone or in combination with tamoxifen, for breast cancer management. Additionally, the two PR isoforms PRA and PRB, bind distinct genomic sites and interact with different sets of co-regulators to differentially modulate estrogen signaling to be either pro- or anti-tumorigenic. Of the two isoforms, PRA inhibited gene expression and ER chromatin binding significantly more than PRB. Differential gene expression was observed in PRA and PRB-rich patient tumors and importantly, PRA-rich gene signatures had poorer survival outcomes. In support of antiprogestin responsiveness of PRA-rich tumors, gene signatures associated with PR antagonists, but not PR agonists, predicted better survival outcomes. This better patient survival associated with PR antagonists versus PR agonists treatments was further reflected in the higher anti-tumor activity of combination therapies of tamoxifen with PR antagonists and modulators. The study suggests that distinguishing common effects observed due to concomitant interaction of another receptor with its ligand (agonist or antagonist) from unique isoform and ligand-specific effects will guide the development of biomarkers for patient selection and translation of PR-targeted therapies to the clinic.

Project description:Major roadblocks to developing effective progesterone receptor (PR)-targeted therapies in breast cancer include the lack of highly-specific PR modulators, a poor understanding of the pro- or anti-tumorigenic networks for PR isoforms and ligands, and an incomplete understanding of the cross talk between PR and estrogen receptor (ER) signaling. Through genomic analyses of xenografts treated with various clinically-relevant ER and PR-targeting drugs, we describe how the activation or inhibition of PR dictates distinct ER and PR chromatin binding and differentially reprograms estrogen signaling, resulting in the segregation of transcriptomes into separate PR agonist and antagonist-mediated groups. These findings address an ongoing controversy regarding the clinical utility of PR agonists and antagonists, alone or in combination with tamoxifen, for breast cancer management. Genomic analyses of the two PR isoforms, PRA and PRB, indicate that these isoforms bind distinct genomic sites and interact with different sets of co-regulators to differentially modulate gene expression as well as pro- or anti-tumorigenic phenotypes. Of the two isoforms, PRA inhibited gene expression and ER chromatin binding significantly more than PRB. Of note, the two isoforms reprogrammed estrogen activity to be either pro or anti-tumorigenic. In concordance to the in-vitro observations, differential gene expression was observed in PRA and PRB-rich patient tumors and importantly, PRA-rich gene signatures had poorer survival outcomes. In support of antiprogestin responsiveness of PRA-rich tumors, gene signatures associated with PR antagonists, but not PR agonists, predicted better survival outcomes. This differential of better patient survival associated with PR antagonists versus PR agonists treatments was further reflected in the higher anti-tumor activity of combination therapies of tamoxifen with PR antagonists and modulators. Knowledge of various determinants of PR action and their interactions with estrogen signaling to differentially modulate breast cancer biology should serve as a guide to the development of biomarkers for patient selection and translation of PR-targeted therapies to the clinic.

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Nuclear FGF2, Androgen Receptor and Wnt Pathway Activation Define a Targetable Subset of Antiprogestin-Resistant Luminal Breast Cancer

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