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Kupffer Cell Calibration of T Cell Responses via VSIG4-CD5 Interaction Promotes Tumor Evasion [bulkRNA]

ABSTRACT: Liver metastasis often resists T cell-based immunotherapy, indicating an adaptation of metastatic tumors towards reduced immunogenicity in the liver. Here we demonstrate that VSIG4, an immune checkpoint molecule predominantly expressed on Kupffer cells, plays an opposing role in determining the growth of liver metastases with varying antigenicity by modulating cognate TCR signaling through its interaction with CD5. Mechanistically, VSIG4-CD5 engagement impedes activation of low-affinity CD8+ T cells while enhancing responses of high-affinity CD8+ T cells by rescuing them from activation-induced cell death. This bi-directional regulation favors growth of metastatic tumor clones with low antigenicity, and fosters an T cell-unfavorable immune landscape as metastatic liver cancer progresses. Blockade of VSIG4-CD5 interaction with a newly generated anti-VSIG4 nanoantibody sensitizes liver metastases to anti-PDL1 therapy, achieving remarkably synergistic efficacy in mice. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into cancer immunoediting in liver metastasis and propose a promising approach for treating immunologically cold tumors.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE317513 | GEO | 2026/01/30

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:CD5 is characterized as an inhibitory co-receptor with important regulatory role during T cell development. To study the molecular mechanism by which CD5 operates, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to analyze the components of the CD5 signaling machinery in primary T cells. In a first set of experiments, CD5-containing complexes were immunoprecipitated from thymocytes of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Thymocytes were treated with pervanadate to induce widespread activation of protein tyrosine kinases. Corresponding samples prepared from thymocytes of Cd5−/− mice were used as controls, to discriminate CD5-binding molecules from the background of contaminant proteins. Eight biological replicates were prepared for both conditions, and samples were analyzed in duplicate LC-MS runs. This first set of experiment is presented in TableS1 of the paper, and is associated to the MaxQuant result file “Interactome WT” in the present PX dataset. We analyzed the CD5 interactome at different time of stimulation with pervanadate (1min and 10min) using thymocytes from wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice. Corresponding samples prepared from thymocytes of Cd5−/− mice were used as controls. Three biological replicates were prepared for both conditions (WT and KO) and each time point (1min and 10min). This set of experiments is presented in TableS2 of the paper and is associated to the MaxQuant result file “Interactome at 1min and 10min” in the present PX dataset. We checked that the activation of CD5 (phosphorylation sites) and the formation of the signaling complex was comparable in different stimulatory conditions (comparison of WT thymocytes stimulated with either pervanadate or anti-CD3+anti-CD4 antibodies). We also analyzed the binding of CD5 interactors in thymocytes from a c-Cbl-/- mouse model (comparison of WT and c-Cbl-/-thymocytes stimulated with pervanadate). These experiments and the associated experimental design of the comparisons are summarized in TableS3 of the paper, and are based on the MaxQuant result file “Comparison of different stimulatory conditions” in this dataset. To check the phosphorylation status of the CD5 tyrosine residues at different time of stimulation, we analyzed samples immunoprecipitated from thymocytes of wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice, following stimulation with anti-CD3+anti-CD4 antibodies for 1min, 3min and 10min. This set of experiment is presented in TableS4 of the paper and is associated to the MaxQuant result file “CD5 pY kinetics” in the present PX dataset. To determine the role of Y429 in the context of CD5 signaling, we expressed a wild-type (CD5tgWt) or a mutated form of CD5, containing a tyrosine to phenylalanine substitution at position 429 (CD5tgY429F) in transgenic mice. We analyzed the CD5 interactome by comparing samples immunoprecipitated from thymocytes of these 2 mice models (following pervanadate stimulation, 6 and 5 biological replicates respectively) with samples prepared in the same way from Cd5−/− mice as controls (6 biological replicates). The results are shown in TableS5 of the paper, and correspond to the MaxQuant result file “interactome CD5tgWt_CD5tgY429F”.

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Kupffer Cell Calibration of T Cell Responses via VSIG4-CD5 Interaction Promotes Tumor Evasion [bulkRNA]

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