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DNA methylation in episodic migraine and medication overuse headache.

ABSTRACT: These data were generated within the Epimode project - a pilot, longitudinal, prospective, observational study designed to investigate DNA methylation in headache disorders. 20 episodic migraineurs (EM), 25 medication overuse headache patients (MOH) and 13 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in the study. EM and HC samples were collected at baseline (T0) and ath the follow-up visit 6 months later (T1). MOH samples were collected at baseline (T0), at treatment time point (T1) and at the follow-up visits after 2 (T2) and 6 (T3) months from the therapeutic intervention. Genome-wide methylation data for overall 142 DNA (WB) samples were generated using Illumina Infinium Methylation EPIC v1.0 BeadChip. Generated dataset allowed us to analyse differential signatures, methylation clocks and stochastic epigenetic mutations related to EM, MOH and response to the treatment.

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE318177 | GEO | 2026/02/21

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Background Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a severely debilitating condition with chronic symptoms affecting up to 30% of the veterans deployed to the 1990-91 Persian Gulf War. The symptoms associated with GWI include fatigue, musculoskeletal/joint pain and disturbances of multiple organ systems. The mechanisms of GWI are unknown, although the symptoms suggest that GWI is most likely caused by a combination of genetic predisposition and it’s interaction with environmental factors such as exposure to toxic chemicals. Objectives This research project aims to assess how sex differences in individuals with GWI impact their response to stress, specifically through an exercise challenge. Additionally, it highlights the importance of considering sex differences in the diagnosis and treatment of GWI. Methods We utilized RNA-seq to examine the differential gene expression (GE) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 24 female GWI patients, 20 male GWI patients, and 40 healthy controls (HC) who were matched in for sex, age, and BMI. We evaluated the gene expression changes at three time points: T0 (baseline), T1 (at maximal exertion), and T2 (4 hours into recovery after T1). To ensure consistency, we excluded genes located on the sex chromosomes and performed separate analyses for men and women. Our focus was to compare the response to exercise within each group (GWI patients and HC) between different time points. Results In the male GWI cohort, pathways associated with immune system process, particularly IL-12, and natural killer cell cytotoxicity were activated during exercise. The female GWI patients exhibited less significant changes in gene expression than men. During the recovery period, male GWI patients demonstrated distinct alterations in the regulation of innate immune responses. On the other hand, female GWI patients showed significant changes in genes related to regulation of intracellular signal transduction. These functional pathways and differentially expressed genes identified in this project provide valuable insights into the sex-specific pathophysiology of GWI. Conclusion The identification of sex-specific biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GWI holds great potential for understanding the distinct onset and progression of this disease in different sexes.

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DNA methylation in episodic migraine and medication overuse headache.

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