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Programming effects of removing maternal heat abatement on offspring growth, immunity, thermotolerance, and liver transcriptomics during backgrounding

ABSTRACT: This study used transcriptomic profiling to investigate hepatic gene expression differences in Angus-cross calves for a 112-day background period during the summer. Calves were born from cows given (S) or not given access (N) to shade during gestation. Liver biopsies were performed on d 56 on calves randomly selected, which were subjected to RNA-Seq analysis, yielding 02 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (FDR < 0.1) due to the main effect of treatment (No shade vs. Shade; N vs. S). Within sex, we identified nine genes differentialy expressed in females. No DEGs were observed in males due to the treatment. Likewse, no interaction between sex and treatment was identified.

ORGANISM(S): Bos taurus

PROVIDER: GSE318541 | GEO | 2026/06/18

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:More than 1.2 million in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos are transferred annually worldwide, significantly outnumbering those from traditional superovulation, but there are limited reports on the birth and postnatal development of such calves. The conditions imposed during in vitro embryo culture may cause modifications of the embryo genome, including the transcriptome, potentially affecting postnatal organ function. This study compared the liver and muscle transcriptome in 4-month-old male and female dairy calves conceived by artificial insemination (AI) or IVP (n = 4 per sex per treatment). Biopsy tissue samples were collected and processed for RNA sequencing. Analysis of the RNAseq data revealed a distinct separation between the liver transcriptomes of female and male calves, regardless of method of production. Moreover, within the cohort of female calves, a strong separation between female calves derived from IVP vs AI was observed. Analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) indicated downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation pathways and upregulation of pathways strongly enriching immune system processes, specifically Th17 cell differentiation and antigen processing and presentation. For the muscle transcriptome, the separation between male and female calves was less apparent compared with liver transcriptome, but there was still a clear separation between female calves derived from IVP vs AI, with downregulated genes enriching the p53 signalling pathway and upregulated genes enriching muscle structure development pathways. These results suggest that female embryos derived from IVP vs AI have developmental differences that manifest as differential transcriptomic profiles postnatally. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the IVP process induces significant alterations in the liver and muscle transcriptome of female postnatal calves. Further exploration is necessary to understand the potential implications for lifetime growth, health and production characteristics.

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Programming effects of removing maternal heat abatement on offspring growth, immunity, thermotolerance, and liver transcriptomics during backgrounding

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