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A STAT3 inhibitor Niclosamide Inhibits PRRSV replication

ABSTRACT: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) caused by the PRRS virus (PRRSV) remains one of the most economically significant diseases in the global swine industry. Currently, there are no highly effective prevention and control methods. CD163 plays a crucial role in PRRSV entry, but direct manipulation of CD163 may cause potential risks due to its physiological functions. To explore safer and more effective therapeutic approaches, we screened compounds targeting STAT3 that regulates CD163 expression. Among 45 commercially available STAT3 inhibitors, Niclosamide (NIC) and ML116 significantly reduced CD163 expression with minimal cytotoxicity. PRRSV infection assay further demonstrated that NIC effectively inhibited viral replication of both type I and type II PRRSV strains. Additionally, NIC synergized with our previously identified compound B7, allowing both drugs to be used at lower concentrations while maintaining strong antiviral activity. RNA-seq analysis of NIC-treated PAMs revealed broad modulation of innate immune pathways, including notable effects on the RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. These findings indicate that NIC is a promising anti PRRSV agent that functions by suppressing CD163 expression and modulating immune-related signaling pathways.

ORGANISM(S): Sus scrofa

PROVIDER: GSE322584 | GEO | 2026/09/23

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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