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Role of antigenic drive in pathogenesis of MALT lymphoma

ABSTRACT: In order to assess the effect that eradication therapy and re-infection have on colonization densities and histopathology of BALB/c mice, 35 mice were divided into four groups (A-D): 12 mice were infected for the duration of the experiment (23 months, primarily infected group B), 8 mice were infected together with group B, but also received a two week triple therapy at 18 months post infection (TT treated group C) and 9 additional mice were infected and treated along with group C and subsequently re-infected one month after the start of triple therapy (re-infected group D). The final group of 6 mice received no treatment or infection (control group A). All mice were sacrificed at 23 months post initial infection; their stomachs were removed and subjected to histopathological and gene expression analysis. The reference for all arrays used in this study consisted of pooled cDNA extracted from stomachs of five age-matched uninfected control animals. Keywords: all pairs

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE3237 | GEO | 2005/08/31

SECONDARY ACCESSION(S): PRJNA92773

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Plasmodium vivax is a protozoan parasite responsible for the great majority of Malaria cases outside Sub-Saharan Africa. This parasite is characterized by the presence of latent liver stage forms called hypnozoites which cause relapsing blood infections estimated to contribute up to 79% of vivax malaria cases in endemic regions. P. vivax hypnozoites are considered a major bottleneck for the malaria elimination goal not only due to symptomatic recurrent blood infections experienced by individuals carrying this parasite form but also for continue silent parasite transmission among the population. Importantly, diagnose of hypnozoites cannot be achieved with the current diagnostic tools. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles secreted by all cell types involved in intercellular communication. EVs are characterized by the presence of molecules from the cell of origin being thus considered as a fingerprint of cell physiological status. Due to this property and to the great EVs stability in biofluids, they are emerging as promising biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of a large range of diseases. We have previously reported that plasma-derived EVs from P. vivax infected liver chimeric mice (FRG huHep), a model of liver stage infection of this parasite, contain P. vivax proteins. In this project, we have performed a proteomic characterization of EVs derived from liver chimeric FRG huHEP mice. Pharmacological treatment of FRG huHep mice with a schizontycidal experimental drug (MMV48) was performed to generate infections enriched with latent hypnozoites, an unexplored approach to study EVs specific from this liver stage. The identification of parasite proteins associated to EVs in this model represents a significant advance in the road to identify P. vivax hypnozoite biomarkers that can be implemented for the future diagnose of hypnozoites carriers in endemic regions. Biological samples used • P. vivax FRG huHep mice in vivo model: Female FRG KO mice engrafted with human hepatocytes (FRG KO huHep) were infected with P. vivax as previously described[8]. Mice were divided in 5 experimental groups. Group 1 (3 mice) was uninfected, Group 2 (6 mice) was inoculated with P. vivax sporozoites by the bite of 20 mosquitos and euthanized after 8 days post-inoculation; Group 3 (6 mice) was infected by intravenous injection of P. vivax sporozoites (0.8 million) and euthanized after 8 days post-infection; Group 4 (6 mice) was infected by intravenous injection of P. vivax sporozoites (1 million sporozoites) and euthanized after 21 days post-infection; Group 5 (3 mice) was infected by intravenous injection (1 million sporozoites) and treated with Tafenoquine (10 mg/kg) at 14 dpi and euthanized at 21 days post-infection. MMV048 mice treatment (30 mg/kg) was performed as follows: 3 mice of Group 2 and 3 received intravenous injections of the drug at 4 days post-infection. 3 mice of Group 4 received intravenous injections of the drug at 17 days post-infection. 3 DMSO-treated animals were used as controls in groups 2, 3 and 4. After euthanasia, whole blood was extracted by cardiac venipuncture for plasma collection as previously described. Plasma-derived EVs were purified as follows: Plasma were thawed on ice, centrifuged at 2000 x g for 10 min and supernatant collected. EVs were purified by SEC using commercial Sepharose (iZON) following manufacturer instructions. SEC fractions were characterized for the presence of EV markers CD9 and plasma-derived EVs marker CD5L in a BBA and by NTA. Protein concentration was determined by BCA (Thermo Scientific).

Project description:Influenza A(H1N1)pdm virus caused the first human pandemic of the 21st century. Although various probiotic Lactobacillus species have been shown to have anti-microbial effects against pneumonia-inducing pathogens, the prophylactic efficacy and mechanisms behind their protection remain largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the prophylactic efficacy of heat-killed Lactobacillus pentosus b240 against lethal influenza A(H1N1)pdm virus infection in a mouse model. To further define the protective responses induced by b240, we performed virologic, histopathologic, and transcriptomic analyses on the mouse lungs. Although we did not observe an appreciable effect of b240 on virus growth, cytokine production, or histopathology, gene expressional analysis revealed that oral administration of b240 differentially regulates antiviral gene expression in mouse lungs. Our results unveil the possible mechanisms behind the protection mediated by b240 against influenza virus infection and provide new insights into probiotic therapy. Six-week-old female BALB/c mice were used in the study. Oral administration of b240 was initiated in mice at six weeks of age. Mice were orally administered heat-killed Lactobacillus pentosus b240 every day at a dose of 10 mg/mouse in 200 Î¼l of buffered saline for 5 weeks. The control group received saline. To investigate the effects of oral administration of b240 on host immune responses to CA04 virus infection, 9 mice per group were infected with 10 MLD50 of CA04 virus on day 21 post-b240 administration. Three mice per group were euthanized on days 1, 3, and 6 post-infection and their lungs were collected. To investigate the immune responses induced by oral administration of b240 in the lungs of uninfected mice, 15 mice per group were mock-infected with PBS on day 21 post-b240 administration. Three mice per group were euthanized on days 14, 21, 22, 24, and 27 post-b240 administration (-7, 0, 1, 3, and 6 days post-mock infection) and their lungs were collected. These lung tissues were subjected to microarray analysis (three biological replicates per each group).

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Role of antigenic drive in pathogenesis of MALT lymphoma

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