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Integrated Analysis of Proboscis Ultrastructure and Olfactory Receptor Genes under Different Foraging Conditions in Apis cerana cerana

ABSTRACT: The proboscis of Apis cerana cerana is primarily recognized as a feeding organ; however, its potential role in close-range chemical perception during foraging remains insufficiently understood. While antennal olfaction has been extensively investigated, whether the proboscis contributes to volatile signal detection and how it responds transcriptionally under different foraging conditions are still unclear. This study aimed to integrate ultrastructural and transcriptomic analyses to elucidate the morphological basis and olfactory-related molecular responses of the proboscis under distinct foraging states.

ORGANISM(S): Apis cerana

PROVIDER: GSE324143 | GEO | 2026/03/13

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Olfaction and chemical communication are fundamental for coordination in insect societies, especially in species forming large colonies. Reproductive and task partitioning suggest that colony members belonging to different castes or subcastes or performing different tasks during their life (polyethism) may produce different semiochemicals and be differently sensitive to the variety of pheromones and/or environmental odours. The main peripheral olfactory organs are the antennal chemosensilla, where the early olfactory processes take place. At this stage, members of two different families of soluble chemosensory proteins (Odorant Binding Proteins -OBPs-, Chemosensory Proteins -CSPs-) show a remarkable affinity for different odorants and act as carriers while a further family, the Niemann Pick type C2 proteins (NPC2) may have a similar function, although this has not been fully demonstrated. Sensillar lymph also contains Odorant degrading enzymes (ODEs) which are involved in inactivation through degradation of the chemical signals, once the message is conveyed. Despite their importance in chemical communication, poor is known about how proteins involved in peripheral olfaction and, more generally antennal proteins, differ in honeybees of different caste, task and age. Here we investigate for the first time, using a shotgun proteomic approach, the antennal profile of honeybee of different castes (queens and workers) and of workers performing different tasks (nursers, guards and foragers) by controlling for the potential confounding effect of age. Regarding olfactory proteins, major differences were observed between queens and workers, some of which were found to be more abundant in queens (OBP3, OBP18, NPC2-1) and others to be more abundant in workers (OBP15, OBP21, CSP1, CSP3); while between workers performing different tasks, OBP14 was more abundant in nurses with respect to guards and foragers, and two ODEs were more abundant in guards with respect to workers of 2nd week. Apart from proteins involved in olfaction, we have found that the antennal proteomes are mainly characterized by castes and tasks, while age has a limited effect on antennal protein profile.

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Integrated Analysis of Proboscis Ultrastructure and Olfactory Receptor Genes under Different Foraging Conditions in Apis cerana cerana

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