Mitochondrial remodeling in skeletal muscle underlies exercise-induced reversal of age-associated functional decline in mice and humans
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE325919 | GEO | 2026/03/30
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Mitochondrial remodeling in skeletal muscle underlies exercise-induced reversal of age-associated functional decline in mice and humans
| PRJNA1442422 | ENA
Project description:The molecular transducers of benefits from different exercise modalities remain incompletely defined. Here we report that 12 weeks of high-intensity aerobic interval (HIIT), resistance (RT), and combined exercise training enhanced insulin sensitivity and lean mass, but only HIIT and combined training improved aerobic capacity and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration. HIIT revealed a more robust increase in gene transcripts than other exercise modalities, particularly in older adults, although little overlap with corresponding individual protein abundance was noted. HIIT reversed many age-related differences in the proteome, particularly of mitochondrial proteins in concert with increased mitochondrial protein synthesis. Both RT and HIIT enhanced proteins involved in translational machinery irrespective of age. Only small changes of methylation of DNA promoter regions were observed. We provide evidence for predominant exercise regulation at the translational level, enhancing translational capacity and proteome abundance to explain phenotypic gains in muscle mitochondrial function and hypertrophy in all ages.
2017-03-28 | GSE97084 | GEO
Project description:Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus declines with age, a process that has been implicated in cognitive and emotional impairments. However, the mechanisms underlying this decline have remained elusive. Here, we show that the age-dependent downregulation of lamin B1, one of the nuclear lamins in adult neural stem/progenitor cells (ANSPCs), underlies age-related alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results indicate that higher levels of lamin B1 in ANSPCs safeguard against premature differentiation and regulate the maintenance of ANSPCs. However, the level of lamin B1 in ANSPCs declines during aging. Precocious loss of lamin B1 in ANSPCs transiently promotes neurogenesis but eventually depletes it. Furthermore, the reduction of lamin B1 in ANSPCs recapitulates age-related anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our results indicate that the decline in lamin B1 underlies stem cell aging and impacts the homeostasis of adult neurogenesis and mood regulation.
| S-SCDT-EMBOJ-2020-105819 | biostudies-other
Project description:Neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus declines with age, a process that has been implicated in cognitive and emotional impairments. However, the mechanisms underlying this decline have remained elusive. Here, we show that the age-dependent downregulation of lamin B1, one of the nuclear lamins in adult neural stem/progenitor cells (ANSPCs), underlies age-related alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Our results indicate that higher levels of lamin B1 in ANSPCs safeguard against premature differentiation and regulate the maintenance of ANSPCs. However, the level of lamin B1 in ANSPCs declines during aging. Precocious loss of lamin B1 in ANSPCs transiently promotes neurogenesis but eventually depletes it. Furthermore, the reduction of lamin B1 in ANSPCs recapitulates age-related anxiety-like behavior in mice. Our results indicate that the decline in lamin B1 underlies stem cell aging and impacts the homeostasis of adult neurogenesis and mood regulation.
| S-EPMC7849303 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background: Racehorses undergo profound physiological changes in response to training and competition, yet current tools to assess training adaptation and overload remain limited. Traditional biomarkers often fail to reflect the complex molecular dynamics induced by physical effort. This study aimed to identify new plasma biomarkers of exercise adaptation in racehorses using high-throughput proteomics. Objectives: We hypothesized that systematic training and racing efforts induce distinct proteomic signatures in plasma, enabling the identification of novel candidate biomarkers reflecting training status, oxidative stress, inflammation, and metabolic remodeling. Study Design: This was an in vivo longitudinal study using repeated blood sampling in the same horses across different phases of training and racing. Methods: Forty-nine Arabian and Thoroughbred racehorses underwent standardized high-intensity training. Plasma samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise, and after recovery, during three phases: early training (T1), mid-season conditioning (T2), and racing (R). A total of 314 samples were analyzed using TMT-based quantitative proteomics and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Protein expression changes were evaluated with statistical correction for multiple comparisons (FDR < 0.05), and functional pathway enrichment was conducted via STRING and ShinyGO. Results: The proteomic response evolved across phases: T1 revealed a broad activation of inflammatory (S100A8/A9), antioxidant (SOD1, catalase), and metabolic proteins (G6PD, PGK1), while T2 showed refined expression of remodeling and redox regulators (decorin, thymosin β4, glutathione S-transferase). The racing phase induced the strongest response, with >100 upregulated proteins involved in energy metabolism, oxidative stress defense, and cytoskeletal adaptation. Several proteins (e.g., S100A8, thymosin β4, prothymosin α, cofilin-1, lipocalins) consistently changed across all phases, indicating their biomarker potential. Conclusions: This study identified a panel of promising plasma biomarkers reflecting exercise adaptation and overload in racehorses. These novel candidates may enhance monitoring of performance, training status, and early signs of overtraining in equine athletes.
2025-12-20 | PXD067028 | Pride
Project description:Risky decision-making is critical to survival and development, which has been compromised in elderly populations. However, the neural substrates of altered financial risk-taking behavior in aging are still under-investigated. Here we examined the intrinsic putamen network in modulating risk-taking behaviors of Balloon Analogue Risk Task in healthy young and older adults using resting-state fMRI. Compared with the young group, the elderly group showed significantly different task performance. Based on the task performance, older adults were further subdivided into two subgroups, showing young-like and over-conservative risk behaviors, regardless of cognitive decline. Compared with young adults, the intrinsic pattern of putamen connectivity was significantly different in over-conservative older adults, but not in young-like older adults. Notably, age-effects on risk behaviors were mediated via the putamen functional connectivity. In addition, the putamen gray matter volume showed significantly different relationships with risk behaviors and functional connectivity in over-conservative older adults. Our findings suggest that reward-based risky behaviors might be a sensitive indicator of brain aging, highlighting the critical role of the putamen network in maintaining optimal risky decision-making in age-related cognitive decline.
| S-EPMC10126002 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Age-related skeletal muscle loss is thought to stem from suboptimal nutrition and resistance to anabolic stimuli. Impaired microcirculatory (nutritive) blood flow may contribute to anabolic resistance by reducing delivery of amino acids to skeletal muscle. In this study, we employed contrast-enhanced ultrasound, microdialysis sampling of skeletal muscle interstitium, and stable isotope methodology, to assess hemodynamic and metabolic responses of older individuals to endurance type (walking) exercise during controlled amino acid provision. We hypothesized that older individuals would exhibit reduced microcirculatory blood flow, interstitial amino acid concentrations, and amino acid transport when compared with younger controls. We report for the first time that aging induces anabolic resistance following endurance exercise, manifested as reduced (by ?40%) efficiency of muscle protein synthesis. Despite lower (by ?40-45%) microcirculatory flow in the older than in the younger participants, circulating and interstitial amino acid concentrations and phenylalanine transport into skeletal muscle were all equal or higher in older individuals than in the young, comprehensively refuting our hypothesis that amino acid availability limits postexercise anabolism in older individuals. Our data point to alternative mediators of age-related anabolic resistance and importantly suggest correction of these impairments may reduce requirements for, and increase the efficacy of, dietary protein in older individuals.
| S-EPMC2996901 | biostudies-other
Project description:Objective: This cross-sectional study evaluates the impact of active or non-active lifestyle in terms of physical, cognitive and social activity on the olfactory function in Elderly Subjects (ES) and aims at looking for a correlation between the time devoted to life activities and the score obtained during the olfactory tests by each individual. Methods: One hundred and twenty-two elderly volunteers were recruited in Sardinia (Italy) and divided into active ES (n = 60; 17 men, 43 women; age 67.8 ± 1.12 years) and inactive ES (n = 62; 21 men, 41 women, age 71.1 ± 1.14 years) based on their daily physical activities. The olfactory function was evaluated using the "Sniffin's Sticks" battery test, while the assessment of daily activities was made by means of personal interviews. Results: A significant effect of active or inactive lifestyle was found on the olfactory function of ES (F (1,120) > 10.16; p < 0.005). A positive correlation was found between the olfactory scores and the number of hours per week dedicated to physical activities (Pearson's r > 0.32, p ≤ 0.014) in both active and inactive ES. Conclusions: High levels of exercise and non-exercise physical activity are strongly associated with the olfactory function and, consequently, with the quality of life of the elderly. Given the limited physical exercise of elderly people, they can benefit from a more active lifestyle by increasing non-exercise physical activities.
| S-EPMC8423134 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The study used liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with bioinformatics analysis to analyze muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscles obtained from two groups of young males after four weeks of either concentric or eccentric resistance training of the quadriceps femoris muscles.
2023-12-17 | PXD047890 |
Project description:How skeletal muscle adapts to different types of exercise intensity with age is not known. Adult and old C57BL/6 male mice were assigned to one of three groups: sedentary, daily high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT), or moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) for 4 weeks, compatible with the older group’s exercise capacity. Improvements in body composition, fasting blood glucose, and muscle strength were mostly observed in the MICT old group, while effects of HIIT training in adult and old animals was less clear. Skeletal muscle exhibited structural and functional adaptations to exercise training, as revealed by electron microscopy, OXPHOS assays, respirometry, and muscle protein biomarkers. Transcriptomics analysis of gastrocnemius muscle combined with liver and serum metabolomics unveiled an age-dependent metabolic remodeling in response to exercise training. These results support a tailored exercise prescription approach aimed at improving health and ameliorating age-associated loss of muscle strength and function in the elderly.
2022-07-06 | GSE175622 | GEO