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Single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the mouse medial thalamus

ABSTRACT: The mediodorsal thalamus and adjacent midline nuclei are critical for higher-order cognition and neuropsychiatric disease, yet their cellular organization remains incompletely defined. The objective of this study was to characterize the cellular composition and transcriptional organization of the mouse medial thalamus. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing was used to identify neuronal cell types, assign transcriptional clusters to anatomical nuclei, and define gene expression patterns underlying thalamic organization. A further goal was to compare these features across species to identify conserved transcriptional patterns and differences in cell type composition, including neuronal populations expanded in humans relative to mice. This dataset provides a transcriptomic atlas of the medial thalamus and a resource for investigating cell type diversity, functional organization, and cross-species specialization.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE328074 | GEO | 2026/05/20

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:Conscious awareness of breathing requires the activation of higher brain centers. The sensation of breathing is believed to be a neural gating process. The thalamus provides the brain structure that could be responsible for the gating of respiratory sensory information to the cortex. It was reasoned that if the thalamus is the neural gate, then tracheal obstructions will modulate the gene expression profile of the thalamus. Anesthetized rats were instrumented with an inflatable cuff sutured around the trachea. The cuff was inflated to obstruct 2-4 breaths, then deflated for a minimum of 15 breaths. The obstructions were repeated for 10 min followed by immediate brain removal, and the medial thalamus was dissected and prepared for microarray analysis. Gene expression profiles were measured using Agilent Technology Oligo Microarrays. Following the occlusion protocol, 588 genes were found to be altered (p < 0.05, log2 fold change ≥ 0.4), with 327 down-regulated and 261 genes up-regulated. A significant up-regulation of the serotonin HTR2A receptor and significant down-regulation of the dopamine DRD1 receptor genes were found. A pathway analysis was performed targeting serotonin and dopamine receptor pathways. The mitogen activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1) gene was significantly down-regulated. MAPK1 is an inhibitory regulator of the serotonin HTR2A receptor and facilitatory regulator for the dopamine DRD1 receptor. Down-regulation of MAPK1 may be related to the 2-fold up-regulation of HTR2A and 2-fold down-regulation of DRD1 suggesting an interaction in the medial thalamus serotonin-dopamine pathway elicited by airway obstruction. These results demonstrate an immediate change in gene expression in thalamic arousal-fear-anxiety-motivation related serotonin and dopamine receptors in response to airway obstruction. The results support the hypothesis that the thalamus is a component in the respiratory mechanosensory neural pathway. Four experimental animals that received tracheal occlusions and four surgical control animals were used. A reference design was used to compare all samples.

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Single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the mouse medial thalamus

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