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Structural survey of HIF-2α reveals regulation of its subcellular localization and protein interactome

ABSTRACT: Hypoxia‑inducible factor 2α (HIF‑2α) is a central regulator of cellular homeostasis and a known oncogenic driver in multiple cancers. Although HIF‑2α is canonically defined as a nuclear transcription factor, its cytoplasmic presence and potential non‑transcriptional functions remain poorly understood. Here, we dissect the structural determinants of HIF‑2α localization, stability, and activity using a deletion‑construct library, transcriptional assays, and in vivo xenograft models. We show that the oxygen‑dependent degradation domain (ODD), and N‑terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) and transactivation domain (NTAD) promote cytoplasmic localization, whereas the C‑terminal IDR drives nuclear accumulation. Notably, we demonstrate that HIF‑2α nuclear localization occurs independently of ARNT dimerization, resolving a long-standing question in the field. While both NTAD and C‑terminal (C)TAD contribute to transcriptional activation, only CTAD mediates hypoxia responsive element (HRE) transactivation, and neither domain is required for tumor growth in vivo. These data suggest a dominant role for non‑canonical cytoplasmic mechanisms in HIF‑2α-driven tumorigenesis. Proteomic analyses reveal HIF‑2α interactions with regulators of mitochondrial function, translation initiation, RNA splicing, vesicular transport, and DNA replication. Together, these findings uncover previously unrecognized structural and functional complexity of HIF‑2α and expand its role beyond canonical transcriptional regulation

ORGANISM(S): Homo sapiens

PROVIDER: GSE329133 | GEO | 2026/05/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:To investigate the detailed molecular mechanisms for the regulatory role of HIF-2α in experimental colitis, microarray gene expression analysis was performed on colon RNA isolated from 6- to 8-week-old Hif-2αF/F, Hif-2αlΔIE mice treated with 3%DSS for 3 days. Background & Aims: Hypoxic inflammation is characterized by decreased oxygen tension in inflammatory foci, and is a notable feature in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Hypoxic response is mediated by transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α, both of which are highly induced in IBD. HIF-1α is a protective factor that limits intestinal barrier dysfunction during inflammation. However, the role of HIF-2α has not been assessed in hypoxic inflammation and IBD. Methods: A hypoxia reporter mouse model was used to test the presence of hypoxia and HIF-2α in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) and Citrobacter rodentium (C.rod)-induced colitis. The role of HIF-2α in these mouse models of colitis was further assessed in mice with an intestinal epithelium-specific gain- and loss-of-function of HIF-2α. Results: Induction of hypoxia and HIF-2α was confirmed in both murine experimental colitis models and human IBD samples. Disruption of HIF-2α attenuated colonic inflammation whereas stabilization of HIF-2α potentiated inflammation in mouse models of colitis. Interestingly, intestine specific overexpression of HIF-2α but not HIF-1α leads to spontaneous colitis and premature death in mice. Further mechanistic analysis showed that HIF-2α is a driver for pro-inflammatory response and is critical regulator of intestinal epithelial-derived tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Blocking TNF-α completely ameliorated HIF-2α potentiated intestinal inflammation. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that HIF-2α is a critical transcription factor essential in intestinal epithelium elicited inflammatory response. Global gene expression profiling in colon RNAs isolated from 7-week-old Hif-2αF/F (n=6, Shah 007) and Hif-2αΔIE (n=5, Shah 008).

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Structural survey of HIF-2α reveals regulation of its subcellular localization and protein interactome

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