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Integrative Multi-omics Analysis to Decipher the Mechanisms Underlying Flower Color Formation and Floral Organ Development in Renanthera，a Rare Tropical Orchid

ABSTRACT: The genus Renanthera is highly regarded for its vibrant fiery-red hues and unique spider-like floral architecture; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its specialized floral structures and color differentiation remain unclear. In this study, through integrated morphological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses, we found that the cell types of the dorsal and ventral perianth segments are similar to each other, yet significantly distinct from those of the lip and the gynandrium. In terms of developmental regulation, the differential expression of AGAMOUS-LIKE6-1/2 (AGL6-1/2), APETALA3-1/2 (AP3-1/2), and AGAMOUS (AG) genes follows the conserved orchid floral organ identity model, with Brassinosteroid-Responsive RING H2 (BRH1) and YUCCA10 flavin-containing monooxygenase (YUC10) identified as key genes participating in lip specialization. Regarding pigmentation, the high expression of Flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) establishes a cyanidin-dominated metabolic foundation. Furthermore, the color divergence between the dorsal and ventral segments stems from the differential expression of the (UDP-glucose: flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase) UFGT gene, which leads to distinct pigment modifications (cyanidin versus cyanidin-3-O-glucoside). This research provides a solid theoretical basis for the molecular breeding and trait improvement of floral characteristics in Renanthera.

ORGANISM(S): Renanthera

PROVIDER: GSE330382 | GEO | 2026/09/17

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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