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A High-Resolution Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Asexual Budding in the Stony Coral Galaxea fascicularis

ABSTRACT: Asexual reproduction via budding is a fundamental process driving the expansion of coral colonies and maintaining reef resilience. This study presents a spatiotemporal single-cell transcriptome atlas of asexual budding in G. fascicularis. We profiled the transcriptomic heterogeneity across four discrete morphological stages: the basal coenosarc, the active budding tip, the early polyp, and the mature polyp.

ORGANISM(S): Galaxea fascicularis

PROVIDER: GSE333517 | GEO | 2026/08/10

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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A High-Resolution Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Asexual Budding in the Stony Coral Galaxea fascicularis

Project description:A High-Resolution Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Asexual Budding in the Stony Coral Galaxea fascicularis

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Single-polyp metabolomics reveals biochemical structuring of the coral holobiont at multiple scales

Project description:Here, we developed and verified a method to detect high-quality metabolomics data from an individual coral polyp and applied this method to study the spatial patterning of biochemicals across multiple spatial (~1 mm - ~100 m) and organizational scales (polyp to population). The data show a strong colony signature, a weak signature of specific branches within colonies, and a strong signature at the polyp-level related to the distance from the base of a branch that was primarily driven by sulfur-containing lipids associated with the coral host. This work yields insight into the spatial structuring of biochemicals in the coral holobiont, which is critical for the design, analysis, and interpretation of studies on coral reef biochemistry.

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The energetic consequences of oxygen fluxes in a coral reef fish

Project description:Abstract Ocean warming elevates metabolic rates in marine ectotherms but often constrains energetic resources, causing an imbalance between supply and demand. Transient hypoxia is near-ubiquitous across the world’s coral reefs and may exacerbate this imbalance, yet its effects on the energetics of reef fishes remain poorly understood. In this study, we assess the metabolic costs incurred by a cryptobenthic reef fish exposed to oxygen fluxes measured on the world’s hottest coral reefs in the Arabian/Persian Gulf. Hypoxia-exposure induced an 8.67% increase in aerobic metabolic rate over the six hours following reoxygenation, and resulted in an estimated 2.87% increase in total daily metabolic rate (mg O2 kg -1 day-1). This energetic cost did not coincide with detectable changes in anaerobic metabolism but was accompanied by increased activity during reoxygenation and a strong, acute transcriptomic response in genes related to oxygen-sensing. Oxygen availability on the reefs declined below the threshold for inducing such energetic costs on over half (56.04%) of the days throughout the summer, potentially leading to substantial cumulative costs. Such energetic costs represent an additional and previously under-appreciated consequence of hypoxia in coral reef environments that may exacerbate the temperature-induced mismatches between energy supply and demand, a key balance affecting growth and fitness.

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Deciphering the nature of the coral-Chromera association

Project description:Since the discovery of Chromera velia as a novel coral-associated microalga, this organism has attracted interest because of its unique evolutionary position between the photosynthetic dinoflagellates and the parasitic apicomplexans. The nature of the relationship between Chromera and its coral host is controversial. Is it a mutualism, from which both participants benefit, or is Chromera a parasite, harming its host? To better understand the interaction, larvae of the common Indo-Pacific reef-building coral Acropora digitifera were experimentally infected with Chromera and the impact on the host transcriptome assessed at 4, 12, and 48 h post-infection using Illumina RNA-Seq technology. The transcriptomic response of the coral to Chromera was complex and implies that host immunity is strongly suppressed, and both phagosome maturation and the apoptotic machinery modified. These responses differ markedly from those described for infection with a competent strain of the coral symbiont Symbiodinium, instead resembling those of vertebrate hosts to parasites and/or pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Consistent with ecological studies suggesting that the association may be accidental, the transcriptional response of A. digitifera larvae leads us to conclude that Chromera is more likely to be a coral parasite, commensal, or accidental bystander, but certainly not a beneficial mutualist

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High natural gene expression variation in the reef-building coral Acropora millepora: Potential for acclimative and adaptive plasticity

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Longevity strategies in response to light in the reef coral Stylophora pistillata

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coral metagenome

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High natural gene expression variation in the reef-building coral Acropora millepora: Potential for acclimative and adaptive plasticity

Project description:This experiment assessed the natural gene expression variation present between colonies of the Indo-Pacific reef-building coral Acropora millepora, and additionally explored whether gene expression differed between two different intron haplotypes according to intron 4-500 in a carbonic anhydrase homolog. This study found no correspondence between host genotype and transcriptional state, but found significant intercolony variation, detecting 488 representing unique genes or 17% of the total genes analyzed. Such transcriptomic variation could be the basis upon which natural selection can act. Underlying variation could potentially allow reef corals to respond to different environments. Whether this source of variation and the genetic responses of corals and its symbionts will allow coral reefs to cope to the rapid pace of global change remains unknown. A. millepora colonies were brought to a common garden in the reef lagoon, i.e. under the same environmental conditions. This common garden combined with acclimatization removes environmental effects on the physiology of the coral colonies. For the comparison of the two intron haplotypes, we applied a multiple dye-swap microarray design for the two groups of coral colonies (N=3 per group) defined based on the two genotypes resolved with the use of intron 4-500 (Fig. 1). To also examine the intra-haplotype variation we added a loop design nested to the above multiple dye-swap design, where three samples per colony were included. Colonies 1, 2, and 3 are of intron 4-500 haplotype 1; colonies 4, 5, and 6 are haplotype 2.

2013-04-08 | E-GEOD-42684 | biostudies-arrayexpress

Reef-building coral protein expression during early life stages

Project description:Protein expression of the embryonic development of reef building coral.

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Symbiodinium clade content drives host transcriptome more than thermal stress in the coral Montastraea faveolata part 2

Project description:A mutualistic relationship between reef-building corals and endosymbiotic algae (Symbiodinium spp.) forms the basis for the existence of coral reefs. Genotyping tools for Symbiodinium spp. have added a new level of complexity to studies concerning cnidarian growth, nutrient acquisition, and stress. For example, the response of the coral holobiont to thermal stress is connected to the host-Symbiodinium genotypic combination, as different partnerships can have different bleaching susceptibilities. If, and to what extent, differences in algal symbiont clade contents can exert effects on the coral host transcriptome is currently unknown. In this study, we monitored algal physiological parameters and profiled the coral host transcriptional responses in acclimated, thermally stressed, and recovered coral fragments using a custom cDNA gene expression microarray. Combining these analyses with results from algal and host genotyping revealed a striking symbiont effect on both the acclimated coral host transcriptome and the magnitude of the thermal stress response. This is the first study that links coral host transcriptomic patterns to the clade content of their algal symbiont community. Our data provide a critical step to elucidating the molecular basis of the apparent variability seen among different coral-algal partnerships.

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