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Targeting KRAS in a TRP53/KRAS mouse and organoid model inhibits Barrett Esophagus to Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma progression

ABSTRACT: The lack of experimental systems that faithfully model the genetic and phenotypic progression from Barrett’s esophagus (BE) to gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEAC) has limited mechanistic discovery and preclinical testing. Here, we report a refined L2-IL-1B based mouse model engineered to capture two hallmark alterations of human GEAC: Trp53 loss and elevated KRAS signalling driven by KRAS amplification, modelled through oncogenic KrasG12D activation. This combinatorial genetic approach accelerates malignant transformation and enables controlled, stage-resolved analysis of carcinogenesis at the gastroesophageal junction (GEJ). Parallel murine and human organoid systems recapitulate these in vivo phenotypes and provide a platform for functional interrogation of KRAS amplification, a frequent but understudied driver in GEAC. Using these organoids as treatment avatars in addition to the mouse model, we demonstrate that KRAS dependent growth is selectively vulnerable to combined SHP2 + MEK1/2 or ERK1/2 inhibition, revealing a therapeutically targetable signalling axis. Together, these integrated in vivo and organoid platforms represent a technical advance for modelling BE progression, dissecting KRAS pathway biology, and evaluating targeted strategies for KRAS amplified GEAC.

ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus

PROVIDER: GSE333534 | GEO | 2026/06/05

REPOSITORIES: GEO

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Project description:For organoid preparation, we first treated the following 4 groups of 8-12 week old mice with tamoxifen: 1) CDX2P-CreERT2, Apc flox/+, Kras LSL-G12D/+, Trp53 flox/flox mice (n=2); 2) CDX2P-CreERT2, Apc flox/+, Kras LSL-G12D/+,Trp53 R270H/flox mice (n=3); 3) CDX2P-CreERT2, Apc flox/flox mice (n=3); 4) Wild-type control mice (n=4). The CDX2P-CreERT2 transgene expresses a tamoxifen (TAM)-regulated Cre protein (CreERT2) under control of human CDX2 regulatory sequences, allowing for TAM-inducible targeting of flox alleles in adult mouse terminal ileum, cecum, and colon epithelium. Treating the mice having CDX2P-CreERT2 transgene with tamoxifen permits the Cre recombinase to enter the cell nucleus and recombine the floxed alleles for Apc, Kras, and Trp53, resulting in deletion mutations in Apc and Trp53, and an activating, oncogenic mutation in Kras (G12D mutation). The Trp53 R270H allele carries a constitutive R270H mutation, which is the mouse equivalent of human TP53 R273H mutation. Colon tumors were induced by TAM treatment in all the mice from the first three groups and organoids were derived from the tumors of each mouse. We also derived organoids from the normal colon epithelium in the 4th group of mice as controls. All organoids were generated and propagated using a slightly modified TMDU protocol as described in PMID:20872391. Organoids were cultured for 4 days and then harvested. RNA was purified from the organoids, and targets for Affymetrix arrays were synthesized from the mRNAs. We used Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.1 ST plate arrays, which hold 41345 probe-sets, but we largely analyzed just those 24562 probe-sets that were mapped to Entrez gene IDs. Raw data was processed with the Robust Multi-array Average algorithm (RMA). Data is log2-transformed transcript abundance estimates. We fit a one-way ANOVA model to the 4 groups of samples. We supply a supplementary excel workbook that holds the same data as the data matrix file for those 24562 probe-sets, but also holds the probe-set annotation at the time we analyzed the data, and some simple statistical calculations, which selects subsets of the probe-sets as differentially expressed between pairs of groups. It also shows data and analysis from a separate experiment of RNA purified directly from 3 groups of mice with genotypes like those of the organoid data except that no group of mice with CDX2P-CreERT2 Apc flox/flox genotype were used. It also joins a statistical summary of differences between 9 human tumors with TP53 missense mutations at codon 273 and 36 tumors with TP53 null mutations assayed with RNA-seq by the TCGA project. A separate supplementary file of the TCGA data is also provided. Consumers should consider obtaining more up-to-date probe-set annotation for the array platform.

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Targeting KRAS in a TRP53/KRAS mouse and organoid model inhibits Barrett Esophagus to Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma progression

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