Palmitate drives mitochondrial and ER stress through disruption of the CD73-Adenosine axis
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ABSTRACT:
ORGANISM(S): Mus musculus
PROVIDER: GSE334095 | GEO | 2026/07/08
REPOSITORIES: GEO
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Project description:Background: Prolonged exposure to elevated free fatty acids induces β-cell failure (lipotoxicity) and contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In vitro exposure of β-cells to the saturated free fatty acid palmitate is a valuable model of lipotoxicity, reproducing features of β-cell failure observed in type 2 diabetes. In order to map the β-cell response to lipotoxicity, we combined RNA-sequencing of palmitate-treated human islets with iTRAQ proteomics of insulin-secreting INS-1E cells following a time course exposure to palmitate. Results: Crossing transcriptome and proteome of palmitate-treated β-cells revealed 85 upregulated and 122 downregulated genes at both transcript and protein level. Pathway analysis identified lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, amino-acid metabolism and cell cycle pathways among the most enriched palmitate-modified pathways. Palmitate induced gene expression changes compatible with increased free fatty acid mitochondrial import and β-oxidation, decreased lipogenesis and modified cholesterol transport. Palmitate modified genes regulating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function, ER-to-Golgi transport and ER stress pathways. Furthermore, palmitate modulated cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling, inhibiting expression of PKA anchoring proteins and downregulating the GLP-1 receptor. SLC7 family amino-acid transporters were upregulated in response to palmitate but this induction did not contribute to β-cell demise. To unravel critical mediators of lipotoxicity upstream of the palmitate-modified genes, we identified overrepresented transcription factor binding sites and performed network inference analysis. These identified LXR, PPARα, FOXO1 and BACH1 as key transcription factors orchestrating the metabolic and oxidative stress responses to palmitate. Conclusions: This is the first study to combine transcriptomic and sensitive time course proteomic profiling of palmitate-exposed β-cells. Our results provide comprehensive insight into gene and protein expression changes, corroborating and expanding beyond previous findings. The identification of critical drivers and pathways of the β-cell lipotoxic response points to novel therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes.
2020-08-13 | GSE156109 | GEO
Project description:Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and death are central in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Saturated fatty acids cause beta-cell failure and contribute to diabetes development in genetically predisposed individuals. Here we used RNA-sequencing to map transcripts expressed in five palmitate-treated human islet preparations, observing 1,325 modified genes. Palmitate induced fatty acid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Functional studies identified novel mediators of adaptive ER stress signaling. Palmitate modified genes regulating ubiquitin and proteasome function, autophagy and apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagic flux and lysosome function contributed to lipotoxicity. Palmitate inhibited transcription factors controlling beta-cell phenotype including PAX4 and GATA6. 59 type 2 diabetes candidate genes were expressed in human islets, and 11 were modified by palmitate. Palmitate modified expression of 17 splicing factors and shifted alternative splicing of 3,525 transcripts. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of modified transcripts and genes confirmed that top changed functions related to cell death. DAVID analysis of transcription binding sites in palmitate-modified transcripts revealed a role for PAX4, GATA and the ER stress response regulators XBP1 and ATF6. This human islet transcriptome study identified novel mechanisms of palmitate-induced beta-cell dysfunction and death. The data point to crosstalk between metabolic stress and candidate genes at the beta-cell level. 5 human islet of Langerhans preparations examined under 2 conditions (control and palmitate treatment)
2014-01-09 | E-GEOD-53949 | biostudies-arrayexpress
Project description:Deciphering the mechanisms underlying viral persistence is critical to achieving a cure for HIV infection. Here, we implement a systems approach to discover molecular signatures of HIV latently-infected CD4+ T cells, identifying the immunosuppressive, adenosine-producing ectonucleotidase CD73 as a key surface marker of latent cells. Hypoxic conditioning, reflecting the lymphoid tissue microenvironment, increases the frequency of CD73+ CD4+ T cells and promotes HIV latency. Transcriptomic profiles of CD73+ CD4+ T cells favor viral quiescence, immune evasion, and cell survival. CD73+ CD4+ T cells are capable of harboring a functional HIV reservoir and reinitiating productive infection ex vivo. CD73 or adenosine receptor blockade facilitates latent HIV reactivation in vitro, mechanistically linking adenosine signaling to viral quiescence. Finally, tissue imaging of lymph nodes from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy reveals spatial association between CD73 expression and HIV persistence in vivo. Our findings warrant development of HIV cure strategies targeting the hypoxia-CD73-adenosine axis.
2023-09-24 | GSE243577 | GEO
Project description:Deciphering the mechanisms underlying viral persistence is critical to achieving a cure for HIV infection. Here, we implement a systems approach to discover molecular signatures of HIV latently-infected CD4+ T cells, identifying the immunosuppressive, adenosine-producing ectonucleotidase CD73 as a key surface marker of latent cells. Hypoxic conditioning, reflecting the lymphoid tissue microenvironment, increases the frequency of CD73+ CD4+ T cells and promotes HIV latency. Transcriptomic profiles of CD73+ CD4+ T cells favor viral quiescence, immune evasion, and cell survival. CD73+ CD4+ T cells are capable of harboring a functional HIV reservoir and reinitiating productive infection ex vivo. CD73 or adenosine receptor blockade facilitates latent HIV reactivation in vitro, mechanistically linking adenosine signaling to viral quiescence. Finally, tissue imaging of lymph nodes from HIV-infected individuals on antiretroviral therapy reveals spatial association between CD73 expression and HIV persistence in vivo. Our findings warrant development of HIV cure strategies targeting the hypoxia-CD73-adenosine axis.
2023-09-28 | GSE244190 | GEO
Project description:Pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and death are central in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Saturated fatty acids cause beta-cell failure and contribute to diabetes development in genetically predisposed individuals. Here we used RNA-sequencing to map transcripts expressed in five palmitate-treated human islet preparations, observing 1,325 modified genes. Palmitate induced fatty acid metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Functional studies identified novel mediators of adaptive ER stress signaling. Palmitate modified genes regulating ubiquitin and proteasome function, autophagy and apoptosis. Inhibition of autophagic flux and lysosome function contributed to lipotoxicity. Palmitate inhibited transcription factors controlling beta-cell phenotype including PAX4 and GATA6. 59 type 2 diabetes candidate genes were expressed in human islets, and 11 were modified by palmitate. Palmitate modified expression of 17 splicing factors and shifted alternative splicing of 3,525 transcripts. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis of modified transcripts and genes confirmed that top changed functions related to cell death. DAVID analysis of transcription binding sites in palmitate-modified transcripts revealed a role for PAX4, GATA and the ER stress response regulators XBP1 and ATF6. This human islet transcriptome study identified novel mechanisms of palmitate-induced beta-cell dysfunction and death. The data point to crosstalk between metabolic stress and candidate genes at the beta-cell level.
2014-01-09 | GSE53949 | GEO
Project description:T cell exhaustion is a state of functional decline in T cells, driven by chronic antigen exposure and inhibitory signals within the tumor microenvironment. Exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tex) derive from precursor exhausted T cells (Tpex), a self-renewing population responsible for the proliferative burst observed in anti-PD-1 therapies. Exhausted cells are exposed to adenosine in the tumor, yet the role of the CD73/adenosine axis and Tpex/Tex differentiation remains unclear. Using an in vitro model for CD8+ T cell exhaustion, we found that CD73 expression increased during Tpex formation and that its expression is negatively correlated with Tex generation. CD73-deficient (CD73KO) CD8⁺ T cells showed impaired activation and reduced progression to Tex. Moreover, we demonstrated that CD73 promotes transcriptional expression of the adenosine receptor A2A (A2AR) and the differentiation into IFNγ/TNFα-producing Tex cells. RNAseq analysis of exhausted CD73KO CD8+ T cells showed a more stem-like transcriptomic profile and enrichment in genes associated with the immune response than their WT counterpart. In vivo, co-transfer of naïve CD73 KO and WT tumor antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells into tumor-bearing mice showed increased Tpex frequency and numbers among CD73KO cells in tumors. Conversely, in vitro exhaustion in the presence of A2AR agonists decreased Tex frequency and activation/exhaustion markers, while increasing CD73 and CD62L, markers associated with stemness. Supporting this, A2AR blockade with SYN115 in tumor-bearing mice reduced Tpex markers and increased Tex differentiation. Altogether, our data suggest CD73 promotes Tpex-to-Tex differentiation, whereas adenosine-A2AR signaling supports Tpex maintenance in the tumor microenvironment.
2025-05-30 | GSE298159 | GEO
Project description:High levels of ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) have been implicated in immune suppression and tumor progression. Elevated levels of CD73 has also been observed in patients who progress on anti–PD-1 immunotherapy. While regulatory T cells can express CD73 and inhibit T cell responses via the production of adenosine, less is known if conventional T cells and natural killer (NK) cells can express CD73. We found that the expression of CD73 is restricted to tumor-infiltrating NK cells and the frequency of these cells correlate with larger tumor size in patients with breast cancer. In addition, the expression of other immune checkpoint receptors including LAG-3 and VISTA was significantly higher in CD73 positive NK cells than on CD73 negative NK cells. Furthermore, the prognostic value of CD73 gene expression was influenced by NK cell signature expressed in patients with breast cancer and sarcoma. Mechanistically, upon engagement of 4-1BBL on tumor cells, NK cells transport CD73 in intracellular vesicles to the cell surface and extracellular space via actin polymerization-dependent exocytosis. These CD73 positive NK cells undergo transcriptional reprogramming and upregulate IL10 production via STAT3 transcriptional activity and suppress CD4 T cell activity. Altogether, our results support that tumors can hijack NK cells as a means to escape immunity and that CD73 expression defines an inducible population of NK cells with immune regulatory properties within the tumor microenvironment.
2020-06-10 | GSE125119 | GEO
Project description:Immunoprevention is an emerging consideration for solid tumors, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We and others have shown that Kras mutations in genetic models of spontaneous pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), which is a precursor to PDAC, results in CD73 expression in the neoplastic epithelium and some populations of infiltrating immune cells, including macrophages and CD8 T cells. CD73 is an ecto-enzyme that converts extracellular adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to adenosine, a critical immune inhibitory molecule in PDAC. We hypothesized inhibition of CD73 would reduce the incidence of PanIN formation and alter the immune microenvironment. To test our hypothesis, we used the KrasG12D; PdxCre1 (KC) genetically engineered mouse (GEM) model and tested the utility of AB-680, a small molecule inhibitor targeting CD73, to inhibit PanIN progression. AB-680, or vehicle control, was administered using oral gavage delivery three days/week at 10mg/kg, beginning when the mice were two months old and lasting three months. We euthanized the mice at five months old. In the KC model, we quantified significantly less pancreatitis, early and advanced PanIN, and quantified a significant increase in M1 macrophages in AB-680-treated mice. Single Cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of pancreata of AB-680 treated mice revealed increased infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and mature B cells. The scRNA-seq analysis showed that CD73 inhibition reduced M2 macrophages, acinar, and PanIN cell populations. CD73 inhibition enhanced immune surveillance and expanded unique clonotypes of TCR and BCR, indicating that inhibition of CD73 augments adaptive immunity early in the neoplastic microenvironment.
2024-07-26 | GSE273209 | GEO
Project description:MSCs are a heterogeneous population and the specific population of MSCs may exhibit a selective ability for tissue repair. The aim of our research was to adapt the CD73+ subgroup of adipose derived MSCs (AD-MSCs) for the therapy of myocardial infarction (MI). Our results revealed that CD73+ AD-MSCs played more effective role in the acceleration function of cardiac recovery by promoting angiogenesis in a rat model of MI compared to mixed AD-MSCs and CD73- AD-MSCs. Microarray analysis shows differences between CD73+ and CD73- AD-MSCs when transcription profile of these two subgroups were compared, especially in VEGF pathway.
2021-06-02 | GSE167219 | GEO
Project description:Contrasting functions of CD73 and adenosine in CD8+ T cell exhaustion
| PRJNA1268444 | ENA